Altering the characterization of nanofibers by changing the electrospinning parameters and their application in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and gene delivery systems

Abstract

Nowadays, nanofibers have various applications in the field of medical biology including drug delivery systems (DDSs) and tissue engineering. Many methods have been developed to produce drug release polymers; the most important and applicable of which is known as electrospinning. In this method, the nanoscale and microscale fibers are used as the functional polymers in the DDSs. A variety of electrospinning methods can be used for delivery systems and tissue engineering. The nanofibers loaded with anticancer drugs have attracted a lot of attention in the last decade. Electrospun parameters include voltage, feed rate, rotary collector, pipette or needle hole diameter, the distance between nozzle tip to collector plate, viscosity and molecular weight of the polymer, surface tension, solubility of polymer, soluble electrical conductivity, dielectric constant, and evaporability of the solution; all could be manipulated to regulate the drug release rate in order via changing the diameter of the nanofibers. In addition to directly loading the drug on nanofibers, the nanoparticles are also used to improve the drug efficacy and reduce the required dose, especially in the case of harmful drugs. Depending on the need, various nanoparticles and nanocarriers are being applied along with the drug. Nanocarriers such as viruses, micelles, and liposomes function highly specific since they carry specific ligands on their surface. Magnetic nanoparticles also have a great therapeutic effect on cancer cells when exposed to heat and magnetic fields. Carbon nanoparticles, such as graphene and graphene oxide, due to their layering, can pass through the cell membrane and deliver the drug to the intracellular space.

Allicin-Loaded Electrospun PVP/PVB Nanofibrous Films with Superior Water Absorption and Water Stability for Antimicrobial Food Packaging

“…It is generally believed that within a certain viscosity range, as the solution viscosity increases, the fiber diameter increases. 19 The solution viscosity showed notable variation with the addition of different proportions of PVB and increased with the percentage of PVB. The increase in solution viscosity is attributed to the formation of hydrogen bonds between PVP and PVB.…”

“…Solution viscosity plays an important role in determining the diameter and morphology of electrospun fibers. It is generally believed that within a certain viscosity range, as the solution viscosity increases, the fiber diameter increases . The solution viscosity showed notable variation with the addition of different proportions of PVB and increased with the percentage of PVB.…”

Fabrication and investigation potential effect of lentinan and docetaxel nanofibers for synergistic treatment of breast cancer in vitro

“…L. edodes is one of the most important native species that grows on tree woods in these areas; this native species of Japan has been cultivated for centuries in some parts of the Middle East, including Iran 21 . Protein polymers, polysaccharide polymers and also nucleic acid are consider as various kind of natural polymers 22 . Some rigid polysaccharides exist in nature such as lentinan, curdlan, and schizophyllan, scleroglucan, yeast glucan, and auricularian, have different biological activities.…”

“…21 Protein polymers, polysaccharide polymers and also nucleic acid are consider as various kind of natural polymers. 22 Some rigid polysaccharides exist in nature such as lentinan, curdlan, and schizophyllan, scleroglucan, yeast glucan, and auricularian, have different biological activities. Their ability to self-assemble into ordered hierarchical structures can facilitate the fabrication of various nanocomposites.…”

Rose bengal-integrated electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers for photodynamic inactivation of bacteria

“…In biomedical eld, the nanobers have been loaded with many bioactive substances, such as proteins, peptides, and small molecule drugs for drug delivery. 18,19 Many types of polymers have been used to make electrospun nanobers, including cellulose acetate, acrylic resin, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene terephthalate, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), etc. 13 Among them, PAN has been widely used for making nanobers for ltration and for making wound dressing due to its unique characteristics, such as high mechanical strength, excellent thermal stability, chemical inertness, light resistance, non-toxicity, and electrospinability.…”