Blood Lead Levels among School Children after Phasing-Out of Leaded Petrol in Delhi, India

Kalra, Veena; Sahu, Jitendra Kumar; Bedi, Puneet; Pandey, R M

doi:10.1007/s12098-013-0999-6

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…High BLL as in the current study have been reported from India (38)(39)(40) . Previous studies had used BLL of 10 μg/dl (0•48 μmol/l) as the cut-off for high level; but the revised cut-off of 5 μg/dl (0•24 μmol/l) has been used for the current analysis (6,7,41) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…This has been reported also from Nepal, in a hospital-based study of 6-36 months old children, where 64•4 % had high BLL of >5 μg/dl (0•24 μmol/l) (42) . Risk factors associated with high BLL include low SES, industrial area exposure, playing with dirt and mud, exposure to enamel paints, piped water supply and mud/clay floors of the house; the last two factors being shown as predictors for high BLL in this birth cohort in an evaluation published earlier (10,(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44) . There is evidence suggesting transplacental transfer of Pb, with sixteen (84•2 %) cord blood samples obtained from nineteen mothers, who had high BLL during their antenatal period, had elevated Pb levels (45) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

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Body iron and lead status in early childhood and its effects on development and cognition: a longitudinal study from urban Vellore

Koshy

Srinivasan

Zachariah

et al. 2020

Public Health Nutr.

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AbstractObjective:Early childhood factors can have persisting effects on development and cognition in children. We propose to explore the trends of Fe deficiency and Pb toxicity in early childhood and their association with child development at 2 years of age and cognition at 5 years.Design:Longitudinal birth cohort study.Setting:Urban slum, Vellore, India.Participants:Children enrolled at birth were followed up regularly in the first 2 years with developmental and cognitive assessments at 2 and 5 years of age, respectively.Results:The birth cohort enrolled 251 children with 228 children followed up at 2 years and 212 at 5 years of age. Fe deficiency (ID) was highest at 15 months of age and improved subsequently at 24 months. Blood Pb levels (BLL) remained high at all age groups with an increasing trend with age; 97 % at 36 months having high BLL. Persistent high mean BLL at 15 and 24 months had negative association with both cognition and expressive language raw scores of 24 months, while high mean BLL at 15, 24 and 36 months had no significant association with any of the domains of cognition at 5 years of age. Early childhood cumulative body Fe status at 7, 15 and 24 months did not show any association with child development at 2 years, but was associated with verbal, performance and processing speed components of cognition at 5 years.Conclusions:Optimising body Fe status and limiting Pb exposure in early childhood can augment child development and school entry cognition.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Body iron and lead status in early childhood and its effects on development and cognition: a longitudinal study from urban Vellore

Koshy

Srinivasan

Zachariah

et al. 2020

Public Health Nutr.

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“…Before being phased out, leaded gasoline used to be an important source of lead exposure and elevated BLL in children [6,8]. Another important potential exposure of lead is likely to be lead dust from parents' work clothing which can be later ingested or inhaled by children at home [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the prevalence of elevated blood lead level as 12% and level of confidence of 2%, and the degree of precision as 4%, the sample size was calculated to be 260 [6]. For estimation of blood lead level, after aseptic site preparation, venous blood was drawn in Ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid vacutainers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Associated With Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Children

et al. 2017

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Objectives To determine the prevalence and correlates of elevated blood lead level in children (6-144 months) of Aligarh. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Venous blood was obtained for lead estimation and a structured questionnaire was filled. Results A total of 260 children were enrolled. The prevalence of elevated blood lead level was 44.2%, seen mostly in children below 5 years of age. Old and deteriorating wall paints at home was found to be significantly associated with elevated levels. Conclusions Lead-based house paints are potential source of lead exposure. Meticulous renovation and painting of the walls with safe paints is desirable.

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Unraveling the interaction between lead and calcium in occupationally exposed males: an exploratory observation study

Balachandar,

Viramgami,

Singh

et al. 2023

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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Blood Lead Levels among School Children after Phasing-Out of Leaded Petrol in Delhi, India

Abstract: There is significant prevalence of high blood lead levels in school children in Delhi, even after with prohibition of use of leaded petrol.

Cited by 18 publications

References 8 publications

Body iron and lead status in early childhood and its effects on development and cognition: a longitudinal study from urban Vellore

Body iron and lead status in early childhood and its effects on development and cognition: a longitudinal study from urban Vellore

Factors Associated With Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Children

Unraveling the interaction between lead and calcium in occupationally exposed males: an exploratory observation study

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