Body iron and lead status in early childhood and its effects on development and cognition: a longitudinal study from urban Vellore

et al. 2020

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Background: Early childhood developmental pattern analyses not only project future cognition potential, but also identify potential risks for possible intervention. There is a paucity of literature evaluating developmental trends in the low and middle income country settings.Methods: Trends of early childhood development at 6, 15, 24 and 36 months of age and their predictors were explored in a longitudinal community-based birth cohort study in an urban slum in Vellore, South India. Development was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-III (BSID-III).Results: The birth cohort enrolled 251 children with a 94%, 91% and 87% follow-up at 6, 24 and 36 months respectively. Child development domains of cognition, language, motor and social skills showed a significant decline in scores between 6 and 36 months of age. Cognition change was maximum augmented by higher socio-economic status (SES) and nurturing home environment while stunting had the maximum negative impact. Higher maternal cognition, higher SES, and caregiver responsivity positively contributed to language change over time, while higher maternal depression contributed negatively. An enriching home environment, growth parameters and blood iron status had high association with change in motor skills.Conclusions: A triple intervention plan to enhance home environment and nurturance, maternal education and well-being, and early childhood nutrition supplementation might prevent child developmental decline in high risk settings.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Developmental Trends in Early Childhood and Their Predictors from an Indian Birth Cohort

et al. 2020

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Iron de ciency in early childhood, when there is an increased iron demand to optimize neuronal maturation, neurotransmitter synthesis, mitochondrial function and other iron dependent enzymes [49], can be detrimental as shown in the current analysis. This early childhood iron de ciency can have persisting effects on cognition in later life as evidenced by another analysis on the same cohort showing cumulative iron de ciency negatively impacting verbal, performance and processing speed domains of cognition at ve years of age [38]. That assessment had shown that more than 40% of children had iron de ciency at 15 and 24 months of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Developmental trends in early childhood and their predictors from an Indian birth cohort

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Early childhood developmental pattern analyses not only project future cognition potential, but also identify potential risks for possible intervention. The current study evaluates developmental trends in the first three years of life and their predictors in a low and middle income country setting.Methods: Trends of early childhood development at 6, 15, 24 and 36 months of age and their predictors were explored in a longitudinal community-based birth cohort study in an urban slum in Vellore, South India. Development was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-III (BSID-III).Results: The birth cohort enrolled 251 children with 94%, 91% and 87% follow-up at 6, 24 and 36 months respectively. Child development domains of cognition, language, motor and social skills showed a significant decline in scores between 6 and 36 months of age. Higher socioeconomic position (SEP) and nurturing home environment contributed to increase in cognition scores by 1.9 and 0.9 units respectively. However, stunting resulted in drop of cognition scores by 1.7 units. Higher maternal cognition, higher SEP, and caregiver responsivity positively contributed to language change over time, while higher maternal depression contributed negatively. An enriching home environment, growth parameters and blood iron status had positive association with change in motor skills.Conclusions: A triple intervention plan to enhance home environment and nurturance, early childhood nutrient supplementation, and maternal education and well-being might prevent child developmental decline in high risk settings.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Developmental trends in early childhood and their predictors from an Indian birth cohort

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

Background: Early childhood developmental pattern analyses not only project future cognition potential, but also identify potential risks for possible intervention. There is a paucity of literature evaluating developmental trends in the low and middle income country settings. Methods: Trends of early childhood development at 6, 15, 24 and 36 months of age and their predictors were explored in a longitudinal community-based birth cohort study in an urban slum in Vellore, South India. Development was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-III (BSID-III). Results: The birth cohort enrolled 251 children with 94%, 91% and 87% follow-up at 6, 24 and 36 months respectively. Child development domains of cognition, language, motor and social skills showed a significant decline in scores between 6 and 36 months of age. Cognition change was maximum augmented by higher socio-economic position (SEP) and nurturing home environment while stunting had the maximum negative impact. Higher maternal cognition, higher SEP, and caregiver responsivity positively contributed to language change over time, while higher maternal depression contributed negatively. An enriching home environment, growth parameters and blood iron status had high association with change in motor skills. Conclusions: A triple intervention plan to enhance home environment and nurturance, early childhood nutrient supplementation, and maternal education and well-being might prevent child developmental decline in high risk settings.