Blood Cortisol Concentration, Hemodynamics and Metabolism of Patients With Secondary Hyperparathyroidism, Possibilities of Perioperative Correction

Abstract

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) affects a majority of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) of stage 3 or worse with manifestations of chronic renal failure (CRF) who undergo hemodialysis. Most of them have severe metabolic disorders, metabolic acidosis and a range of disorders associated with hyperparathyroidism and require parathyroid surgery (PTS). Aim of research. To assess the possibilities of metabolic correction in patients with SHPT with PTS, depending on the level of blood cortisol. Materials and methods. The study was carried out in the clinic of SIS «RPC PCM» SAD, Kyiv, Ukraine, was prospective, not randomized. The study group (n=133) included patients with severe SHPT manifestations due to end-stage chronic renal failure due to CKD, who underwent PTS. Patient age: 21-75 years old. Men – 69 (51,9%), women – 64 (48,1%). The degree of preoperative risk of ASA III-IV. Surgical interventions were performed under general anesthesia using the inhalation anesthetic sevoflurane and the narcotic analgesic fentanyl under conditions of low-flow artificial ventilation. The patients underwent a personalized energy monitoring developed and implemented in our clinic, using indirect calorimetry, by determining the index of current metabolism (Metabolic Rate Index, MRI, cal min-1 m2 ), basal metabolism (Basal Metabolic Rate Index, BMRI, cal min-1 m2), target metabolism (Target Metabolic Rate Index) and severity of metabolic disorders (Metabolic Disordes, MD,% = ). The patients were divided into two groups. The first group (I,72) consisted of patients who had reference values of the morning blood cortisol level before the operation – 171,03 and higher (173-374) nmol/L. The second group (II, 61) consisted of patients who had cortisol levels below this limit (91,5-168 nmol/L). In group I, intensive perioperative therapy was standard and aimed at supporting and correcting vital signs, according International Standards for a Safe Practice of Anesthesia 2010, WFSA. In group II, patients additionally received intravenous drip of 125-250 mg of prednisolone and further situationally hydrocortisone under the control of energy monitoring indicators. Results. In 45.9% of patients with SHPT and end-stage CKD, glucocorticoid insufficiency and low metabolic rate were diagnosed, which can lead to irreversible changes in organs or the life support system and increase the risks of perioperative complications and death in PTS. Preventive and perioperative administration of glucocorticoids under the control of energy monitoring, restores homeostasis indicators. Patients with normal blood cortisol levels did not have significant metabolic disorders. It was enough for them to follow the standard protocol of perioperative intensive care. Conclusions. Mandatory preoperative monitoring of blood cortisol levels in patients with SHPT against the background of end-stage CKD, who are on programmed hemodialysis, who are planned for PTS, is required in order to achieve a differential approach to treatment: to determine the need and dose of intravenous glucocorticoids.