Blood and hair zinc levels in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analysis

Luo, Jiamei; Mo, Yunbo; Liu, Min

doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2019.09.023

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The authors also showed a lower intake of vitamins B1, B2, and C, as well as zinc and calcium, by children with ADHD [ 45 ]. In fact, several studies have shown that children with ADHD have reduced plasma levels of trace elements such as zinc, copper, iron, magnesium, and selenium [ 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ], which are essential for brain development and functioning [ 51 , 52 , 53 ]. Iron is an essential cofactor required for several functions, such as neurotransmitter metabolism, particularly dopamine production, which is a core factor in ADHD.…”

Section: Dietary Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eating Patterns and Dietary Interventions in ADHD: A Narrative Review

et al. 2022

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood, affecting ~7% of children and adolescents. Given its adverse health outcomes and high healthcare and societal costs, other treatment options beyond pharmacotherapy have been explored. Case-control studies have shown that dietary patterns may influence the risk of ADHD, and specific dietary interventions have been proposed as coadjuvant treatments in this disorder. These include nutritional supplements, gut microbiome-targeted interventions with biotics, and elimination diets. The purpose of this review is to examine which dietary patterns are most associated with ADHD and to summarize the existing evidence for the clinical use of dietary interventions. The literature showed that non-healthy dietary patterns were positively associated with ADHD, whereas healthy patterns were negatively associated. As for nutritional supplements, only vitamin D and vitamin D + magnesium appeared to improve ADHD symptoms when baseline levels of vitamin D were insufficient/deficient. Regarding biotics, evidence was only found for Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and for multi-species probiotic supplementation. Elimination diets have scarce evidence and lead to nutritional deficiencies, so caution is advised. Overall, more robust scientific evidence is required for these dietary interventions to be implemented as part of ADHD therapy.

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Section: Dietary Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eating Patterns and Dietary Interventions in ADHD: A Narrative Review

et al. 2022

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“…In this regard, dietary factors have been examined for their possible role in the etiology and treatment of this disorder. Some studies found altered levels of certain oligo elements such as magnesium, iron, and zinc in serum in children with ADHD [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. For these reasons, several studies attempted to find a more natural, as opposed to pharmacological, treatment for ADHD; hence, various systematic reviews analyzed the effect of different nutritional interventions on behavioral symptomatology [ 13 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], but were unable to find clear supporting evidence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Follow a Different Dietary Pattern than That of Their Control Peers?

et al. 2022

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents. A current area of interest is the association between ADHD and food consumption. The aim of this study was to determine the food consumption and dietary patterns of children with and without ADHD in relation to their age and ADHD presentation. The study involved 259 preschoolers aged 3 to 6 years old (57 with ADHD and 202 controls) and 475 elementary-school-age children, aged 10 to 12 years old (213 with ADHD and 262 controls) from Spain. ADHD was diagnosed in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition) from Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children interviews. Eating data were collected using a food consumption frequency questionnaire, and principal component analysis was carried out to analyze dietary patterns. Western-like, sweet, and healthy patterns were identified. The ADHD group was negatively associated with the healthy pattern (p < 0.001) and positively associated with the Western-like diet (p = 0.004). Children with inattentive presentation showed lower adherence (12.2%) to a healthy pattern than that of the control group (39.9%) (p < 0.001). There is an association between ADHD and dietary habits; children with inattentive presentation may particularly be at risk of unhealthy eating habits.

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“…Previously, Luo et al in a meta-analysis on 11 observational studies quantified the association between zinc levels and ADHD. The results showed no significant association between blood and hair zinc levels with ADHD 16 . A small sample size was one of the major limitations of this study and the large number of cases may increase the statistical power to clarify the relationship between zinc status and ADHD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Zinc status in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Ghoreishy

Mousavi

Asoudeh

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Previous studies regarding the zinc status in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) yielded inconsistent results. Thus, the present meta-analysis was aimed to estimate the association between hair and serum/plasma zinc levels and ADHD. Online databases of Medline, EMBASE, and Scopus were searched up to October 2020 with no limitation in time and language. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) of hair and serum/plasma zinc levels were calculated using a random-effects model. Overall, 22 articles with 1280 subjects with ADHD and 1200 controls were included. The pooled effect size indicated that serum/plasma zinc levels in subjects with ADHD were not statistically different than their controls (WMD = − 1.26 µmol/L; 95% CI − 3.72, 1.20). Interestingly, the exclusion of one study from the analysis showed that people with ADHD significantly have lower circulating levels of zinc compared to their controls (WMD: − 2.49 µmol/L; 95% CI − 4.29, − 0.69). Also, the pooled effect size indicated that hair zinc levels in cases with ADHD were not statistically different than their controls (WMD = − 24.19 μg/g; 95% CI − 61.80, 13.42). Present meta-analysis raises the possibility that subjects with ADHD are prone to have declined levels of zinc levels. Based on current findings, screening the zinc levels in subjects with ADHD could be reasonable. Further well-designed studies are needed to clarify the role of zinc in the etiology of ADHD.

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Blood and hair zinc levels in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analysis

Cited by 14 publications

References 41 publications

Eating Patterns and Dietary Interventions in ADHD: A Narrative Review

Eating Patterns and Dietary Interventions in ADHD: A Narrative Review

Do Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Follow a Different Dietary Pattern than That of Their Control Peers?

Zinc status in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

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