Blood ammonia and lactate responses to incremental exercise in highly-trained male sprinters and triathletes

Abstract

SummaryStudy aim: To compare the blood ammonia and lactate concentrations in sprinters and triathletes during an incremental treadmill exercise test and in the 30 minutes of recovery. Material and methods:The study included 10 male sprinters and 14 male triathletes who compete at the national and international level. A treadmill test until exhaustion was administered. Blood samples for ammonia and lactate were obtained when the athletes were at rest, during and immediately after exercise, and between 5 and 30 min after exercise. Results:The ammonia concentration and time course were similar in the sprinters and triathletes (F = 1.81, p ≥ 0.05, η 2 = 0.08). An exercise-related increase in blood ammonia was almost linear, regardless of the exercise intensity. In the case of lactate, the interactions between the concentrations measured in the sprinters and triathletes were statistically significant (F = 5.78, p ≤ 0.001, η 2 = 0.21). Post-hoc tests revealed that the lactate concentrations differed significantly between the sprinters and triathletes in the 18th min (p ≤ 0.01) and the 21st min (p ≤ 0.001) of the exercise test. The blood lactate increased in a nonlinear manner (slowly at lower intensities and rapidly at higher intensities). During the 30 min recovery period, both the ammonia and lactate levels decreased linearly. However, in the sprinters, the peak values were maintained in the first stage of recovery (5 min post-exercise). Conclusions:The study showed that the blood ammonia concentration may be a useful marker of exercise-related metabolic responses in sprint-trained as well as in endurance-trained competitive athletes. Blood ammonia levels were more intensitysensitive across the whole intensity range during the incremental exercise when compared to the blood lactate levels.

Nanobubbles Water Curcumin Extract Reduces Injury Risks on Drop Jumps in Women: A Pilot Study

“…The source of bioactivity in EMW is thought to involve the presence of charge-stabilized nanostructures (CSNs), which by virtue of their size, charge, and stability affect constituents of the cell membrane [35, 36]. During exercise, increased lactate levels in exercising muscle and blood may trigger sensations of pain and discomfort, thus elevating perceptions of exertion [20, 37]. Ammonia is fatigue factor, whereby reduction of blood ammonia could prevent muscle catabolism and muscle damage [20].…”

Blood lactate level in Elite boy swimmers after lactate tolerance exercise test

“…Takagi et al suggested that the highest blood lactate levels were observed after the first trial set, they decreased significantly toward the second trial set, and were maintained at the same level after the third trial set (Takagi et al, 2013). Also, Kantanista et al (Kantanista et al, 2016) found that exercise increases blood lactate.…”

“…This data was in line with the findings of Degoutte et al (Degoutte et al, 2003), who observed that lactate concentrations in blood were appeared to return to the baseline level within 24 hours. Also, in study conducted by Kantanista blood lactate decreased after the interruption of exercise (Kantanista et al, 2016). Adversely, Jafari et al suggested that the blood lactate significantly increased 24 hours after 1600 meter running among 27 non athlete boys (Jafari et al, 2016).…”

“…Also, Benelli et al in 52 male swimmers aged 40-79 years suggested that the blood lactate is dependent to the intensity and distance of competition (Benelli et al, 2007). They stated that peaks of lactate were observed in distance of 100 m. Also, Kantanista reported that by increasing the speed of the treadmill, blood lactate was increased (Kantanista et al, 2016).…”

<i>Ludwigia octovalvis</i> (Jacq.) raven extract supplementation enhances muscle glycogen content and endurance exercise performance in mice

“…AMP is deaminated to inosine monophosphate (IMP) and ammonia via the enzyme AMP deaminase [10]. Ammonia accumulation in blood has been observed in endurance athletes and exercise-related increase in blood ammonia is almost linear, regardless of the exercise intensity [16]. In previous studies, lower ammonia accumulation has been observed in endurance athletes [9].…”