Introduction: To avoid injuries during high-intensity sports training, it is important to recognize conditions of bodily consumption and production of adequate energy; exercise increases the concentration of the blood lactate. This paper is an attempt to compare pre and post lactate tolerance exercise test -blood lactate concentrations -of elite boy swimmers. Methods: Blood lactates are measured by an enzymatic method on 12 subjects 30 minutes before and adjust and 24 hours after the test. Results: The mean lactate concentration of 30.35±12.16 mg/dl is observed in swimmers 30 minutes before the test. Swimmers adjust after the test show mean blood lactate concentration of 108.52±18.17 mg/dl that is significantly higher than 30 minutes before the test (p<0.001). Then blood lactate level decreases below baseline level at 24 hours after the test. Conclusion: Blood lactate increases with the test and decreases below baseline within 24 hours after the test.
Introduction: The present study was performed to measure the precompetitive anxiety and its two subcomponents (somatic and cognitive) and its relationship with age, weight, height and body mass index. Methods: This is a descriptive study performed using a demographic questionnaire and sport competition anxiety test (SCAT) designed by Martens consisting of 15 questions. The study population consisted of 14 elite boy swimmers. The questionnaires were filled out by swimmers 30 minutes before competition. The data were analyzed by SPSS software, using pair t-test, student t-test and linear regression test. Results: The mean score of precompetitive, somatic and cognitive anxiety was 17.93±3.25, 14.71±2.95, 3.21±0.97, respectively. The percent of somatic and cognitive competitive anxiety was not significantly different. The results showed no significant relationship between precompetitive, somatic and cognitive anxiety with age, weight, height and body mass index of swimmers (p>0.05). Conclusions: Our study suggests that the swimming competition equally effects on somatic and cognitive components of anxiety.
Introduction:Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that can be followed by a decrease in insulin secretion. Exercise is an important factor in the control of diabetes and is also effective on the immune system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise intensity on the number of immune cells in the peripheral blood of diabetic rats. Materials and Methods:In this experimental study, 28 white female Wistar rats with average weight of 260 ± 20 and age of 80 days were randomly divided into four groups with seven subjects: control, diabetic without exercise, diabetic with electric shock and diabetic with maximum exercise. After four weeks of running on a treadmill, the blood samples were collected and sent to the laboratory so as to determine the number of immune system cells in blood. Results:White blood cell counts in diabetic rats with maximum exercise showed that the lymphocyte count was increased significantly (P≤0.05) as compared with control and diabetic rats without exercise but the monocyte and neutrophil counts were decreased significantly (P≤0.05). Also, the eosinophil counts in diabetic rats with maximum exercise did not decrease significantly (P≤0.05) compared with diabetic rats without exercise. Conclusion:The results showed an increase in the lymphocytes count and a decrease in the monocytes and neutrophil counts of diabetic rats with maximum exercise compared with diabetic rats without exercise; the most and the least frequent cells were lymphocytes and eosinophil, respectively in diabetic rats with maximum exercise.
The volume of discussions concerning brands within social media provides digital marketers with great opportunities for tracking and analyzing the feelings and views of consumers toward brands, products, influencers, services, and ad campaigns in the consumer-generated content (CGC). The aim of the present study is to assess and compare the performance of firms and celebrities (i.e., influencers that with the experience of being in an ad campaign of those companies) with the automated sentiment analysis that was employed for CGC at social media while exploring the feeling of the consumers toward them to observe which influencer (of two for each company) had a closer effect with the corresponding corporation on consumer minds. For this purpose, a number of consumer tweets from the pages of brands and influencers were utilized to make a comparison of machine learning and lexicon-based approaches to the sentiment analysis through the Naïve algorithm (lexicon-based) and Naïve Bayes algorithm (machine learning method) and obtain the desired results to assess the campaigns. The findings suggested that the approaches were dissimilar in terms of accuracy; the machine learning method (Naïve Bayes algorithm) yielded higher accuracy. Finally, the results showed which influencer was more appropriate according to their existence in previous campaigns and helped choose the right influencer in the future for our company and have a better, more appropriate, and more efficient ad campaign subsequently. It is required to conduct further studies on the accuracy improvement of the sentiment classification. This approach should be employed for other social media CGC types, e.g., Instagram feeds. The results revealed decisionmaking for which sentiment analysis methods (or their combinations) are the best approaches for the analysis of social media. It was also found that companies should be aware of their consumers' sentiments and choose the right person every time they think of a campaign.
IntroductionDepression is the most common psychiatric complication of modern living and considering its high prevalence and health costs, has drawn the attention of mental health professionals. Women are more prone to this disorder in comparison to their male counterparts (1,2). Depression is a chronic disorder that requires treatment with antidepressant drugs; but anti-depressant medications impose some unwanted side effects. Epidemiological evidence indicates that sexual dysfunction and dissatisfaction are the most common and disturbing side effects of anti-depressants (3-7). On the other hand, sexual dysfunction is a common complication of depression.The normal human sexual response cycle is conventionally divided into 4 phases; desire, excitement, orgasm, and resolution. Any dysfunction in one or more of these phases may interfere with sexual function and lead to sexual disorders. This cycle is controlled by the interaction between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal, autonomic nervous system, sex hormones (testosterone, estrogen and progesterone), neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine, noradrenalin and acetylcholine) and vasoactive peptides (8,9).Medical literatures suggest that regular exercise is important in maintaining women's health. Existing evidence indicated that physical exercise potentially boost and create positive changes in an individual's moods (10,11). Studies have shown that participation in regular physical activity has been linked to higher levels of sexual satisfaction (4). However, only few studies have been conducted to evaluate the relationship between physical activity and sexual function. In women, physical activities decrease with age and women are less active than men and tend to spend their leisure time in less strenuous activities. In addition, evidence showed that physical exercise alters menopausal symptoms, sleep cycle, moods, stress, depression and musculoskeletal disorders in women (12)(13)(14).Despite the high prevalence of sexual dysfunction in women, they choose not to divulge their problem for some cultural reasons and abstain from seeking medical solutions to their sexual problems (3,15). Since depression is the most common mental disorder in women, therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise and antidepressant medications on depression and sexual desire in middle aged women. Materials and MethodsThe present study is a quasi-experimental study. Our study population included 60 middle-aged women within the age range of 40-60 years diagnosed with depression AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise on depression and sexual desire in middleaged women diagnosed with depression. Materials and Methods:The present study is a quasi-experimental study. Sixty females volunteered to participate in this study and were randomly divided into 4 groups; group A was prescribed with antidepressant drug (n = 15), group B employed aerobic exercises (n = 15), group C combination of drug and aerobic exercise ...
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