Blind humans rely on muscle sense more than normally sighted humans for guiding goal-directed movement

Yoshimura, Atsuko; Matsugi, Akiyoshi; Esaki, Yoshihisa; Nakagaki, Koichi; Hiraoka, Koichi

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2010.01.035

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Visual information is often known to contribute not only to voluntary motion control (Yoshimura et al, 2010) but also postural control (Lim et al, 2019;Bonaventura et al, 2020) regardless of self-perception in body sway (Guerraz and Bronstein, 2008). On the other hand, the body sway induced by square wave pulse GVS with eyes closed is dramatically reduced when eyes are open (Fitzpatrick and Day, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Stochastic Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation on Body Sway and Muscle Activity

Matsugi

Oku

Mori

2020

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether galvanic vestibular stimulation with stochastic noise (nGVS) modulates the body sway and muscle activity of the lower limbs, depending on visual and somatosensory information from the foot using rubber-foam.Methods: Seventeen healthy young adults participated in the study. Each subject maintained an upright standing position on a force plate with/without rubber-foam, with their eyes open/closed, to measure the position of their foot center of pressure. Thirty minutes after baseline measurements under four possible conditions (eyes open/closed with/without rubber-foam) performed without nGVS (intensity: 1 mA, duration: 40 s), the stimulation trials (sham-nGVS/real-nGVS) were conducted under the same conditions in random order, which were then repeated a week or more later. The total center of pressure (COP) path length movement (COP-TL) and COP movement velocity in the mediolateral (Vel-ML) and anteroposterior (Vel-AP) directions were recorded for 30 s during nGVS. Furthermore, electromyography activity of the right tibial anterior muscle and soleus muscle was recorded for the same time and analyzed.Results: Three-way analysis of variance and post-hoc multiple comparison revealed a significant increment in COP-related parameters by nGVS, and a significant increment in soleus muscle activity on rubber. There was no significant effect of eye condition on any parameter.Conclusions: During nGVS (1 mA), body sway and muscle activity in the lower limb may be increased depending not on the visual condition, but on the foot somatosensory condition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Stochastic Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation on Body Sway and Muscle Activity

Matsugi

Oku

Mori

2020

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…The pelvis displacement during the forward perturbation was greater when vision was present. According to studies in blind patients, the long-term absence of vision enhanced the reliance of voluntary motor control on proprioception (Yoshimura et al, 2010;Ozdemir et al, 2013). Those findings are likely explained by inter-modal reweighting between vision and proprioception (Logan et al, 2014), expressed as an increase in the role of the proprioception when vision is lost.…”

Section: Visionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sympathetic Response to Postural Perturbation in Stance

Kawasaki

Oda

Sawaguchi

et al. 2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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The purpose of the present study was to elucidate whether the sympathetic response to perturbation in stance represents multiple mental responses, whether perturbation-induced fear of fall is one of the mental responses, and whether the sympathetic response is task specific. While healthy humans maintained stance, the support surface of the feet translated in the forward or backward direction. The phasic electrodermal response (EDR), representing the sympathetic response, appeared 1–1.5 s after the support surface translation. Mostly, perturbation-induced EDRs comprised one peak, but some EDRs were comprised of two peaks. The onset latency of the two-peak EDR was much shorter than that of the one-peak EDR. The second peak latency of the two-peak EDR was similar to the peak latency of the one-peak EDR, indicating that the first peak of the two-peak EDR was an additional component preceding the one-peak EDR. This finding supports a view that perturbation-induced EDR in stance sometimes represents multiple mental responses. The amplitude of the EDR had a positive and significant correlation with fear, indicating that perturbation-induced EDR in stance partially represents perturbation-induced fear of fall. The EDR amplitude was dependent on the translation amplitude and direction, indicating that perturbation-induced EDR in stance is a task specific response. The EDR appeared earlier when the participants prepared to answer a question or when the perturbation was self-triggered, indicating that adding cognitive load induces earlier perturbation-induced mental responses.

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“…The side effect of this otherwise advantageous feature is that even in the absence of visual information, sighted ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++ + individuals do not rely as much as they could on somatosensory information for shortterm body images. On the other hand, blind individuals compensate for the lack of vision by dedicating more resources to somatosensory processing, which can improve the accuracy of their short-term body images (Yoshimura et al, 2010;Goldreich and Kanics, 2003). This is revealed by large-scale cortical reorganisation (for review, see Merabet and Pascual-Leone, 2010).…”

Section: Blind Bodily Experiencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are delays in early motor developments in congenitally blind children(Sonksen et al, 1984;Adelson and Fraiberg, 1974;Jan et al, 1975;Levtzion-Korach et al, 2000). However, there may be other factors influencing these impairments, which are not necessarily linked to the long-term body image.,/ +Further studies found that tactile acuity was enhanced in both early and late blind participants in studies where participants had their eyes closed (e.g.,Goldreich and Kanics, 2003;Alary et al, 2009;Yoshimura et al, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Multimodal Conception of Bodily Awareness

Vignemont

2014

Mind

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One way to characterize the special relation that one has to one's own body is to say that only one's body appears to one from the inside. Although widely accepted, the nature of this specific experiential mode of presentation of the body is rarely spelled out. Most definitions amount to little more than lists of the various body !"#$%&"'()*+()++ + .+ basis of the sense of bodily posture, or proprioception, is well known. It includes muscle spindles, which are sensitive to muscle stretch, Golgi tendon organs, which are sensitive to tendon tension, and joint receptors, which are sensitive to joint position. The question then arises: how does one obtain reliable proprioceptive information about posture and movement on the basis of raw signals about muscle stretch, tendon tension, and joint angle? But this is not the only puzzle. One also needs to derive full-fledged bodily experiences from proprioceptive information. The body senses then suffer from two main problems: the limits of their reliability and the limits of their informational scope. When you lie in bed at night without moving at all, you may sometimes feel unsure of the exact location of your limbs. Proprioceptive signals are weak when one is not moving (Rossetti et al., 1994; van Beers et al., 1998, 1999; Helms Tillery et al., 1991). Proprioception is then only of limited accuracy; even a few minutes of complete stillness can make you lose your body, so to speak. In order to be the most reliable about the location of one's limbs, one must be moving. But even then the accuracy of proprioception is limited. More precisely, it decreases with the number of joint angles that must be computed. The more distal the body part, the more complex the computations are. For example, information about the location of one's fingertip in space requires taking into account information from many receptors on many joints, muscles and tendons, each of them sending noisy signals, the noise increasing in proportion to the degree to which the body part is distal. The second problem with the body senses is that they do not directly carry information about the shape of the various parts of the body, their size, and their spatial configuration. For example, the facts that we have two arms, that they are cylinder-shaped, that they are of a certain length, and that they are connected to the !"#$%&"'()*+()++ + /+ torso on one end and to the hands on the other end, cannot be easily derived from the body senses. It is true that one receives somatosensory feedback when acting, which can carry information about the size of the limbs. But this can give only a rough estimate. In particular, to know how far one can reach with one's hand does not indicate the respective size of one's fingers, palm, forearm and upper arm. Active exploration of each body part by haptic touch seems to fare better and to be more specific. However, this involves complex tactile-proprioceptive processing, and that in turn requires taking into account the size of the exploratory body parts (e.g., fingers). Hence, ...

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Blind humans rely on muscle sense more than normally sighted humans for guiding goal-directed movement

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

The Effects of Stochastic Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation on Body Sway and Muscle Activity

The Effects of Stochastic Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation on Body Sway and Muscle Activity

Sympathetic Response to Postural Perturbation in Stance

A Multimodal Conception of Bodily Awareness

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