Blending of ethanol with gasoline and diesel fuel – A review

Kunwer, Ram; Pasupuleti, Subrahmanya Ranjit; Bhurat, Swapnil Sureshchandra; Gugulothu, Santhosh Kumar; Rathore, Navjot

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2022.09.319

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Also used are alcohol stabilizers for ethanol gasoline based on alcohols with higher molecular weight: isopropyl, isobutyl, and isoamyl alcohols, as well as ethyl acetate and some other oxygen-containing compounds. 61,62…”

Section: Friction Modifiers Table 5 Presents the Main Groups Of Compo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To ensure anticorrosion and antiwear properties, additives based on fatty acid derivatives are introduced into the fuel composition. Also used are alcohol stabilizers for ethanol gasoline based on alcohols with higher molecular weight: isopropyl, isobutyl, and isoamyl alcohols, as well as ethyl acetate and some other oxygen-containing compounds. , …”

Section: The Market For Branded Gasoline and Multifunctional Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advanced Progress and Prospects for Producing High-Octane Gasoline Fuel toward Market Development: State-of-the-Art and Outlook

Abdellatief,

Ershov,

Savelenko

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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The development of oil refining in advanced nations is mostly focused on low-carbon fuel. Similar efforts are being made to improve the fuel efficiency of internal combustion engines, which will result in lower exhaust emissions. Furthermore, by assessing the indicated trends in engine building, it is important for fuel manufacturers to understand how the requirements for gasoline quality indicators will change, primarily for its knock resistance. The aim of the current comprehensive article is to study the state-of-the-art review emphasizing recent progress and prospects for producing high-octane gasoline fuel toward market development. The market for branded gasoline and multifunctional additives, involving friction modifiers, corrosion inhibitor components, as well as detergent components is presented. Furthermore, market development trends and quality requirements for motor gasoline, involving antiknocking characteristics and gasoline oxygenated compounds as additives, are exhibited. Besides, perspective gasoline engine technologies, including different types of engines, are declared. The formulation of effective gasoline surrogates is a challenging task due to advanced combustion strategies, engine design, and variable operating conditions in spark-ignition engines. The extensive development of direct injection and turbocharging technologies is constrained by the actual compression ratio of engines. Likewise, an increase in the knock resistance of the produced gasoline would further increase the compression ratio and efficiency of new internal combustion engines.

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Section: Friction Modifiers Table 5 Presents the Main Groups Of Compo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Market For Branded Gasoline and Multifunctional Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Progress and Prospects for Producing High-Octane Gasoline Fuel toward Market Development: State-of-the-Art and Outlook

Abdellatief,

Ershov,

Savelenko

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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“…The study of aqueous ethanol forming a microemulsion with gasoline in a single phase was previously published [12,21]. Table 1 shows the composition of gasoline (RON 90), pure ethanol, and water assigned as Gas, Et, and Wat in a stable emulsion vs. temperature in the range When the ethanol purity increased to 97 %, which means the amount of water was decreased, the compositions of gasoline, ethanol, and water changed highly.…”

Section: Compositions Of Gasoline Pure Ethanol and Water At 0-25 °Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experiment was conducted in normal conditions, and the observation found that the emulsion was separated into two phases since ethanol had a high affinity for absorbing water. The addition of surfactants, ETBE, and ethyl acetate aimed to resist the phase separation [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of compositions and fuel specifications of the aqueous emulsion fuels of gasoline (RON 90)-ethanol-water in stable emulsions at low temperatures

Sangian

Pasau

Tamuntuan

et al. 2023

EEJET

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Many countries worldwide encounter the greatest difficulties in improving people's life quality since fossil fuel reserves are decreasing, causing fuel prices to rise drastically. This problem has made many countries, including Indonesia, struggle to import them from producers in the Middle East. Adding a small part of ethanol to gasoline is one of the solutions that has been investigated and developed. The previous works relating to blended fuels, gasoline and ethanol, generally employed absolute alcohol, which was expensive. A small surfactant was added to the mixture to stabilize the emulsion, and the blending was conducted in normal conditions (room temperature). If the composition of gasoline and aqueous ethanol is not precise, the components can be separated at a specific temperature. The present study is aimed to report the analysis of compositions and fuel specifications of aqueous emulsions of gasoline (RON 90)-ethanol-water in a single phase without using a synthetic surfactant in the temperature range of 0–25 °C. The procedures were as follows: fermentation, ethanol distillation and purification, cooling, blending, and characterization of fuel specifications. Components of gasoline (RON 90)-ethanol-water formed a stable emulsion in the composition range of 28.00‒99.79 %, 0.20‒67.97 %, and 0.01‒3.58 %. The observation found that continually increasing the amount of aqueous ethanol and temperature after one phase was attained would not lead to the separation of components. Therefore, gasoline and aqueous ethanol can form a single phase functioning as a surfactant binding water and fossil fuel. The decrease in temperature after the emulsion is stabilized can separate the components whereby it is caused by the faster density change of aqueous ethanol than gasoline

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“…Nowadays, there is a critical concern about the emissions of pollutants from burning fossil fuels, which is still the primary energy source for internal combustion engines. Biomass may present a sustainable alternative solution to this issue since biofuels are produced from renewable energy sources due to chemical conversions (Cuoci et al, 2021;Kunwer et al, 2022;Ocanha et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of adding ethanol to gasoline on greenhouse gas emissions

Jani

Nääs

Ivale

2022

RSD

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The growing concern about one of the biggest environmental problems today, air pollution and its effects on the population, resulted in several studies and research to minimize the impacts on global health. This crescent happened after industrial and urban expansion in the mid-nineteenth century, where it ran rampant through the industrial revolution. The challenges to finding a sustainable balance between the diversity of fuels and sources, the costs, and the environmental impact lead to several research fronts. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2019, more than 4 million people died prematurely from pollution. This study discusses the possibilities of ethanol/gasoline blends, engine performance variations, and impacts on the resulting results and gas emissions. The study used a powertrain with Otto cycle engine model K7M from Renault, manufactured in 2008, with approximately 1600 cc, 4-cylinder in-line configuration with two valves each, generating a power of 95 HP, 14.1 mkgf (alcohol) and fuel system through multipoint electronic injection. The teste applied five fuel mixtures – 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of hydrated ethanol in the blend. Results indicated that at low speeds, the CO2 emissions increased as the blend increased. However, the emissions increased considerably when the speed increased. The Nox emissions were irregular in the proportions of the blends. It could be concluded that NOX does not behave linearly, and the best condition is found with the mixture of 75% ethanol, where we reach the lowest points of NOX and HC.

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Blending of ethanol with gasoline and diesel fuel – A review

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Advanced Progress and Prospects for Producing High-Octane Gasoline Fuel toward Market Development: State-of-the-Art and Outlook

Advanced Progress and Prospects for Producing High-Octane Gasoline Fuel toward Market Development: State-of-the-Art and Outlook

Analysis of compositions and fuel specifications of the aqueous emulsion fuels of gasoline (RON 90)-ethanol-water in stable emulsions at low temperatures

Impact of adding ethanol to gasoline on greenhouse gas emissions

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