Black carbon traces of human activities in stalagmites from Turkey

Koç, Koray; Koşun, Erdal; Cheng, Hai; Demirtaş, Ferdi; Edwards, R. Lawrence; Fleitmann, Dominik

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2020.105255

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…During the RCO, Mg/Ca ratios from Kocain Cave indicate that effective moisture was declining from ~100 BCE until ~30 BCE, then remained low until ~100 CE, with a further short-lived dry phase at ~220 CE also evidenced by a soot layer and pollen statistical analysis at Gravgaz Marsh [ 21 , 82 , 83 ]. Between these dry phases, Mg/Ca ratios were close to their mean values (0.88mmol/mol -1 ) until ~120 CE and then lower (indicating slightly wetter conditions) until ~200 CE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Settlement, environment, and climate change in SW Anatolia: Dynamics of regional variation and the end of Antiquity

et al. 2022

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This paper develops a regional dataset of change at 381 settlements for Lycia-Pamphylia in southwest Anatolia (Turkey) from volume 8 of the Tabula Imperii Byzantini–a compilation of historical toponyms and archaeological evidence. This region is rich in archaeological remains and high-quality paleo-climatic and -environmental archives. Our archaeological synthesis enables direct comparison of these datasets to discuss current hypotheses of climate impacts on historical societies. A Roman Climatic Optimum, characterized by warmer and wetter conditions, facilitating Roman expansion in the 1st-2nd centuries CE cannot be supported here, as Early Byzantine settlement did not benefit from enhanced precipitation in the 4th-6th centuries CE as often supposed. However, widespread settlement decline in a period with challenging archaeological chronologies (c. 550–650 CE) was likely caused by a “perfect storm” of environmental, climatic, seismic, pathogenic and socio-economic factors, though a shift to drier conditions from c. 460 CE appears to have preceded other factors by at least a century.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Settlement, environment, and climate change in SW Anatolia: Dynamics of regional variation and the end of Antiquity

et al. 2022

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“…(a) Late Holocene palaeohydrological data with periods of high/low effective‐moisture (green/brown shading), as indicated by original authors (Burdur, Gravgaz, Salda, Bereket) or deviations from the mean (Kocain, Gölhisar). The cistern terminus post quem (312 CE), soot layers (Koç et al., 2020), and dust‐layer (335–485 CE) are displayed. (b) Average monthly precipitation (solid lines) and temperature (dashed lines) from weather stations in SW Turkey (Peterson & Vose, 1997).…”

Section: Cave Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kocain has been utilized by humans since the Neolithic and contains a Roman spring‐fed cistern, dated by early Christian inscriptions (Talloen, 2015). Terrain above the cave is sparsely covered by typical C3‐type Mediterranean vegetation, mainly evergreen shrubs (Koç et al., 2020).…”

Section: Cave Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, agreement between high magnitude changes in the Ko‐1 proxies, and other regional proxies, suggest they reflect effective‐moisture (Figures 2 and 4; Section 6). Most notable is a distinct phase of high effective‐moisture (330–460 CE), near‐contemporaneous with a distinct brown/orange dust‐layer on Ko‐1 (87.3–98 mm; 335–485 CE), containing a soot layer (Koç et al., 2020), and cistern construction in Kocain Cave (Figure 2). A prominent labarum/ Chi‐Rho symbol (☧) gives this cistern (∼250 m 3 capacity) a 312 CE terminus post quem (earliest possible construction date), as that is when the symbol was incorporated as a shield emblem by Emperor Constantine (Cameron & Hall, 1999), its use remained extensive until the sixth century CE (Hörandner & Carr, 2005).…”

Section: Interpretation Of the Ko‐1 Multi‐proxy Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heterogenous Late Holocene Climate in the Eastern Mediterranean—The Kocain Cave Record From SW Turkey

Jacobson

Flohr

Gascoigne

et al. 2021

Geophysical Research Letters

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To predict the nature and impacts of future climate change in the Eastern Mediterranean (EM), a "hotspot" which will experience severe impacts (Giorgi, 2006), past climatic variability must be constrained (Masson-Delmotte et al., 2013). Paucity of meteorological data (<100 years) renders palaeoclimate records vital for understanding spatio-temporal variance. Likewise, an abundance of archeological data facilitates analysis of human-climate-environment interactions and resilience of past societies to climatic fluctuations (Luterbacher et al., 2012).

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“…Des études ont par exemple mis en évidence l'enregistrement de signaux postfeux dans des concrétions, résultant de l'impact de feux de surface naturels ou anthropiques au-dessus de cavités dans la chimie des eaux d'infiltration (Perrette et al, 2008 ;Nagra et al, 2016 ;Vandevelde et al, 2020). D'autres traces sont plus évidentes : il s'agit des marques de suie 3 et/ou de particules charbonneuses enregistrées dans les spéléothèmes, témoins des feux passés faits dans les cavités (voir par exemple : Benington et al, 1962 ;Genty et al, 1997aGenty et al, , 1997bGradziński et al, 2003 ;Brochier, 2008 ;Delannoy et al, 2009 ;Martínez-Pillado et al, 2014 ;Vandevelde et al, 2018 et références incluses ;Gheco et al, 2019 ;Koç et al, 2020). Celles-ci peuvent faire l'objet d'une étude fuliginochronologique (lat.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Identification du rythme annuel de précipitation des carbonates pariétaux pour un calage micro-chronologique des occupations archéologiques pyrogéniques : cas de la Grotte Mandrin (Malataverne, Drôme, France)

Vandevelde¹,

Lacour²,

Quéré³

et al. 2021

BSGF - Earth Sci. Bull.

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In rock shelters and caves, the geo-archaeological reading of sediments can allow, in favourable cases, a micro-chronological study of traces of anthropogenic activities and in particular in the use of fire. And if the recurrence in the use of fireplaces can sometimes be identified by a micromorphological study of the structures, it is very uncertain that all the different combustion episodes can be identified. It turns out that paleo-fire events can be recorded elsewhere than in the hearths. For instance, they can be recorded as soot marks trapped in speleothems, which are witnesses of fires in cavities. They can be the object of a fuliginochronological study (lat. fuliginosus, fuligo: soot), which consists in studying the succession of soot deposits trapped in a matrix. Some limestone concretions have another advantage, which is to be annually laminated. When this is the case, the joint study of soot films and calcite doublets makes it possible to set paleo-fire chronicles on a micro-chronological scale of measured time. In this study, we demonstrate, through the joint analysis of crystalline fabric alternations and seasonal variations of strontium (Sr) in concretions, that the calcite doublets observed in the fine parietal carbonated crusts of the Grotte Mandrin archaeological site are indeed annual. To do so, we use laser-induced plasma microspectroscopy (LIBS - Laser Induced Breackdown Spectroscopy), which allows to reveal variations of minor and traces elements in speleothems' carbonates on an annual to sub-annual scale through the analysis of transects or maps. Thus, soot film sequences can be indexed to the annual carbonate precipitation calendar and the joint study of soot film and calcite doublets makes it possible to set paleo-fire chronicles on a micro-chronological scale of measured time (annual resolution). The study of the rhythmicities of the occupations on this site then becomes accessible.

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Black carbon traces of human activities in stalagmites from Turkey

Cited by 10 publications

References 39 publications

Settlement, environment, and climate change in SW Anatolia: Dynamics of regional variation and the end of Antiquity

Settlement, environment, and climate change in SW Anatolia: Dynamics of regional variation and the end of Antiquity

Heterogenous Late Holocene Climate in the Eastern Mediterranean—The Kocain Cave Record From SW Turkey

Identification du rythme annuel de précipitation des carbonates pariétaux pour un calage micro-chronologique des occupations archéologiques pyrogéniques : cas de la Grotte Mandrin (Malataverne, Drôme, France)

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