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Mikula, Gerold

doi:10.1023/a:1023282615718

Cited by 67 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…People commonly experience feelings of hurt or anger when confronted with circumstances that they perceive to be unfair or unjust (e.g., Mikula, 1998). How they choose to respond to this source of perceived injustice can vary.…”

Section: The Standing To Forgive and Perceptions Of Forgivers’ Benevo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The social costs of forgiving following multiple-victim transgressions.

Raj¹,

Wiltermuth²,

Adams³

2020

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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A single transgressor sometimes harms more than just 1 victim. We examine a previously undocumented social cost of forgiving following these multiple-victim transgressions. We find that nonforgiving victims believe that other victims who forgive the common transgressor make their decisions to withhold forgiveness appear ungenerous. Faced with this threat, nonforgiving victims report that other forgiving (vs. nonforgiving) victims have overclaimed their standing to forgive the common transgressor and consequently perceive these forgiving victims as demonstrating a lack of benevolence toward them. Nonforgiving victims also perceive forgiving victims to have relatively little integrity. We test these social costs of forgiving in the field and in the lab across 7 studies plus a meta-analysis of 5 of those studies. We also identify 1 route by which forgiving victims can attenuate the social costs they face: they can affirm other victims’ decisions to withhold forgiveness.

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Section: The Standing To Forgive and Perceptions Of Forgivers’ Benevo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The social costs of forgiving following multiple-victim transgressions.

Raj¹,

Wiltermuth²,

Adams³

2020

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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“…In this version of equity theory, hereafter simply referred to equity theory, equity rules require that more benefits will be allocated to the partner whose inputs are greater (the contribution rule). The distribution of time and tasks is a key element in partners’ exchange (Thompson, 1991; Mikula, 1998). 1 The relative time they dedicate to paid and unpaid tasks represents the benchmark for their evaluation of fairness (Berger, Zelditch, Anderson, & Cohen, 1972; Kalmijn & Monden, 2012).…”

Section: Equity As Proportionality: Does It Matter For Marital Stabilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this framework, women may identify housework as a positive outcome per se . Caring for loved ones may symbolically represent an intrinsically positive value (Hochschild & Machung, 1989) that leads wives to affirmative feelings such as familial approval, domestic peacefulness, and self-satisfaction (Mikula, 1998). In fact, studies have shown that women who take the responsibility for housework and child-care, either as housewife or as employed, are likely to experience an improvement of marital quality (Molm & Cook, 1995; Cherlin, 2000; Bittman et al., 2003).…”

Section: The Role Of Cultural Normsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…West Germany) women demonstrate grater affection for home and children – also in the case they are employed (Hochschild & Machung, 1989; Heimer & Staffen, 1998). In this context women, employed or not, may value domestic activities more because these are perceived as socially desirable (Mikula, 1998). This may result in a mismatch between the value assigned to female paid (less valued) and unpaid work (more valued).…”

Section: Paid Work Equity and Divorce In Their Cultural Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even if women's gainful employment is now broadly accepted, research has shown that in more gender-traditional societies (e.g., West Germany) women demonstrate greater preference for home and children-even if they are employed (Heimer & Staffen, 1998;Hochschild & Machung, 1989). In this context, women, employed or not, may value domestic activities more because these are perceived as socially desirable (Mikula, 1998). This may result in a mismatch between the value assigned to female paid (less valued) and unpaid work (more valued).…”

Section: Paid Work Equity and Divorce In Their Cultural Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

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When equity matters for marital stability

Bellani

Andersen

Pessin

2017

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships

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Comparing West Germany and the United States, we analyze the association between equity - in terms of the relative gender division of paid and unpaid work hours – and the risk of marriage dissolution. Our aim is to identify under what conditions equity influences couple stability. We apply event-history analysis to marriage histories using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel for Western Germany and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics for the United States for the period 1986 to 2009. For the United States, we find that deviation from equity is particularly destabilizing when the wife under-benefits, and when both partners’ paid work hours are similar. In West Germany, equity is less salient. Instead we find that the male breadwinner model remains the single most stable arrangement.

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Testing an attribution‐of‐blame model of judgments of injustice

Mikula

2003

Euro J Social Psych

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The attribution-of-blame model of judgments of injustice, which is the focus of this article, depicts judgments of injustice as blaming of an actor who is seen as responsible for the violation of the entitlement of somebody else without sufficient justification. Responsibility and blame are conceptualized in the model in accordance with Heider (1958) and Shaver (1985). The article briefly describes the background and the propositions of the model and its scope. Then it reports a series of four correlational and one experimental studies which tested the validity of the model. The findings lend support to the propositions that attributions of causality and intention and perceived lack of sufficient justification contribute to the perception of injustice beyond the mere perception that somebody's entitlement or deserving has been violated. However, no support was found for the assumption that perceived control of the respective agent contributes to the perception of injustice. The concluding section discusses the main findings of the studies and points to questions which should be pursued in future research in order to establish the range of validity of the proposed model of judgments of injustice.

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Untitled

Cited by 67 publications

References 55 publications

The social costs of forgiving following multiple-victim transgressions.

The social costs of forgiving following multiple-victim transgressions.

When equity matters for marital stability

Testing an attribution‐of‐blame model of judgments of injustice

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