Bistable and Reconfigurable Photonic Crystals—Electroactive Shape Memory Polymer Nanocomposite for Ink‐Free Rewritable Paper

Xie, Yongchun; Meng, Yuan; Wang, Wenxin; Zhang, Elric; Leng, Jinsong; Pei, Qibing

doi:10.1002/adfm.201802430

Cited by 78 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Due to the linear and elastic behavior, no additional cycling tests were performed at 50% compression. Similar linear behavior is observed for bistable electroactive polymers (BSEP) when cycled at 50% compression …”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Fabrication and Mechanical Cycling of Polymer Microscale Architectures for 3D MEMS Sensors

et al. 2019

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Biology involves inherently complex three-dimensional designs. In addition to the geometric complexity, thin and complex biostructures composed of membranes such as insects, wings, and plants leaves can achieve complex functionalities under vibrations, such as maneuverability and resistance to strong winds, respectively. They do so by changing the shape and curvature of their membranes and ribbons. Achieving such capabilities in advanced materials would have important implications for a wide range of applications, such as threedimensional (3D) microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), sensors, and energy harvesting devices. Such applications experience cyclic deformation up to 20-30% length compression during operation. To this end, this paper investigates mechanical cycling of a number of microscale 3D polymer-based kirigami architectures. The mechanical response of these structures revealed stable and resilient behavior equivalent to flexible natural systems upon cyclic compression up to 50% of their initial height. To understand crack formation and growth, in situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) under extreme compression of 100% of their initial heights reveal internal stresses and permanent change in the curvature of the structures, resulting in the formation of cracks after 100 cycles. To enhance their fracture toughness, computational modeling, as an optimization tool is used to provide guidelines to eliminate crack growth.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Fabrication and Mechanical Cycling of Polymer Microscale Architectures for 3D MEMS Sensors

et al. 2019

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“…Where λ max is the position of reflection peak, d is the average center‐to‐center distance between Fe 3 O 4 @C NPs, n PE is the effective RI of the Fe 3 O 4 @C/PDMS PE and can be calculated according to Equations S2–S7 (Supporting Information) and structure model of Fe 3 O 4 @C NPs in Figure S12 (Supporting Information). [ 2f,12 ] According to Equation (1), ν was calculated to be in the range of ≈0.55–0.22. When the strain ε x < 30%, ν was in the range of ≈0.55−0.47, which was much higher than the value of the reported mechanochromic materials, [ 1a ] demonstrating the outstanding rubbery elasticity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supramolecular Photonic Elastomers with Brilliant Structural Colors and Broad‐Spectrum Responsiveness

Tan

Jia

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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PEs, broad-spectrum responsiveness (stopband shifting ≈223 nm) and excellent recovery properties under a large strain can be achieved. The dynamic and reversible interaction endows the PEs with a healable capability. More interestingly, the incorporated Fe 3 O 4 @C NPs with photothermal capability can effectively absorb light and convert it into heat under light irradiation (solar light or nearinfrared laser), accelerating healing of the damaged PEs. This study provides a new strategy for bioinspired construction of PEs for applications in the fields of sensing, colorful coating, and display.

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“…37,58 BSEP actuators can also modulate photonic crystals embedded in the elastomer, which enables an electric field to control reflectance and transmittance properties (Figure 13c). 45 This has compelling potential as a display technology forming the basis of soft, wearable displays with low power requirements and as a "re-writable inkless paper". Copyright 2018 Advanced Functional Materials.…”

Section: 3bistable Displaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric Elastomer Artificial Muscle: Materials Innovations and Device Explorations

et al. 2019

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CONSPECTUS: Creating an artificial muscle has been one of the grand challenges of science and engineering. The invention of such a flexible, versatile, and power efficient actuator opens the gate for a new generation of lightweight, highly efficient, and multifunctional robotics. Many current artificial muscle technologies enable low-power mobile actuators, robots that mimic efficient and natural forms of motion, autonomous robots and sensors, and lightweight wearable technologies. They also have serious applications in biomedical devices, where biocompatibility-from a chemical, flexibility, and force perspective-is crucial. It remains unknown which material will ultimately form the ideal artificial muscle. Anything from shape memory alloys (SMAs) to pneumatics to electroactive polymers (EAPs) realize core aspects of the artificial muscle goal. Among them, EAPs most resemble their biological counterparts, and they encompass both ioninfusion and electric field based actuation mechanisms. Some of the most investigated EAPs are dielectric elastomers (DEs), whose large strains, fracture toughness, and power-to-weight ratios compare favorably with natural muscle. Although dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) only entered the artificial muscle conversation in the last 20 years, significant technological progress has reflected their high potential. Research has focused on solving the core issues surrounding DEAs, which include improving their operational ranges with regards to temperature and voltage, adding new functionality to the materials, and improving the reliability of the components they depend on. Mechanisms designed to utilize their large-strain actuation and low stiffness has also attracted attention. This Account covers important research by our group and others in various avenues such as decreasing viscoelastic losses in typical DE materials, increasing their dielectric constant, and countering electromechanical instability. We also discuss variable stiffness polymers, specifically bistable electroactive polymers, which, notably, open DEAs to structural applications typically unattainable for softactuator technologies. Furthermore, we explore advancements related to highly compliant and transparent electrodes-a crucial component of DEAs capable of achieving high actuation strain. We then cover noteworthy applications, including several novel devices for soft robotics and microfluidics, and how those applications fit within other major developments in the field. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the remaining challenges facing current DEA technology and speculate on research directions that may further advance DEbased artificial muscles as a whole. This Account serves as a stepping stone into the field of EAPs, which, through the work of researchers worldwide, are positioned as a potential challenger to conventional actuator technologies.

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Bistable and Reconfigurable Photonic Crystals—Electroactive Shape Memory Polymer Nanocomposite for Ink‐Free Rewritable Paper

Cited by 78 publications

References 53 publications

Fabrication and Mechanical Cycling of Polymer Microscale Architectures for 3D MEMS Sensors

Fabrication and Mechanical Cycling of Polymer Microscale Architectures for 3D MEMS Sensors

Supramolecular Photonic Elastomers with Brilliant Structural Colors and Broad‐Spectrum Responsiveness

Dielectric Elastomer Artificial Muscle: Materials Innovations and Device Explorations

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