Bipolar Metal Flexible Electrospun Fibrous Membrane Based on Metal–Organic Framework for Gradient Healing of Tendon‐to‐Bone Interface Regeneration

Abstract

Metal ions play a significant role in tissue repair, with widely application in clinical treatment. However, the therapeutic effect of metal ions is always limited due to metabolization and narrow repair capability. Here, a bipolar metal flexible electrospun fibrous membrane based on a metal–organic framework (MOF), which is bioinspired by the gradient structure of the tendon‐to‐bone interface, with a combination of regulating osteoblasts differentiation and angiogenesis properties, is constructed successfully by a continuous electrospinning technique and matching the longitudinal space morphology for synchronous regeneration. Furthermore, the MOF, acting as carriers, can not only achieve the sustainable release of metal ions, but promote the osteogenesis and tenogenesis on the scaffold. The in vitro data show that this novel hierarchical structure can accelerate the tenogenesis, the biomineralization, and angiogenesis. Moreover, in the in vivo experiment, the flexible fibrous membrane can promote tendon and bone tissue repair, and fibrocartilage reconstruction, to realize the multiple tissue synchronous regeneration at the damaged tendon‐to‐bone interface. Altogether, this newly developed bipolar metal flexible electrospun fibrous membrane based on a MOF, as a new biomimetic flexible scaffold, has great potential in reconstruct the tissue damage, especially gradient tissue damage.

Hierarchy of hybrid materials. Part-II: The place of organics-on-inorganics in it, their composition and applications

“…In bone repair engineering, Yang reported a successful strategy to make bipolar metal flexible fibrous membranes based on MOFs(ZIF-11 and HKUST-1), acting as carriers and achieving sustainable release of bone regeneration factors such as Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ ( Yang et al, 2022 ). This flexible fibrous membrane has been verified in regard with multiple tissue synchronous regeneration at the damaged tendon-to-bone interface, like tendon and bone tissue repair as well as fibrocartilage reconstruction ( Figure 11 ).…”

“… Schematic illustration of hybrid nanofibrous membrane fabrication and the effect of regulating the synchronous regeneration of the bone-tendon interface by metal ions released from the nanofiber in situ ( Yang et al, 2022 ) with the permission of Wiley Online Library. …”

Biodegradable Polymer Electrospinning for Tendon Repairment

“…After 8 weeks of implantation, the morphology and inflammatory infiltration of the tissue at the interface of the flexible fibrous membrane were significantly improved ( Figure 4 Diii). This promoted the repair of tendon and bone tissue, as well as the reconstruction of fibrocartilage, and realized the simultaneous regeneration of multiple tissues at the damaged tendon–bone interface [ 119 ]. In addition, the pore size and porosity of the 3D electrospun scaffold determined the cell infiltration and regeneration ability.…”

Advanced Nanofiber-Based Scaffolds for Achilles Tendon Regenerative Engineering

“…MOFs assembled by metal ions and organic connectors possess the advantages of large pore volume, high specific surface area, and hydrophilicity, which can enhance the performance of tissue scaffolds. In addition, these types of MOFs have great potential for tissue repair and regeneration ( Chen J. et al, 2020 ; Luo et al, 2021 ; Yang et al, 2022 ). It has been established that motion-driven electromechanical stimulation of tendon tissue by ferroelectric nanofibers can modulate ion channels and specific tissue regeneration signaling pathways in vitro ( Fernandez‐Yague et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Due to their excellent bionic properties, numerous studies over the past decade have established the beneficial effects of nanofibrous scaffolds as cell delivery scaffolds for tendon regeneration ( Moffat et al, 2009 ). In addition, several studies have investigated nanofibrous scaffolds with alignment and/or porosity gradient ( Li et al, 2020b ), metal-organic framework ( Yang et al, 2022 ), mineral gradient ( Grue et al, 2020 ; Zhou et al, 2020 ), and growth factor gradient ( Madhurakkat Perikamana et al, 2018 ) for tendine-bone interface healing ( Lowen and Leach, 2020 ; He et al, 2021 ). Table 1 shows a variety of nanofibrous scaffolds for regeneration of the Achilles tendon and tendine-bone region.…”