Biodegradable Polymer Electrospinning for Tendon Repairment

Abstract

With the degradation after aging and the destruction of high-intensity exercise, the frequency of tendon injury is also increasing, which will lead to serious pain and disability. Due to the structural specificity of the tendon tissue, the traditional treatment of tendon injury repair has certain limitations. Biodegradable polymer electrospinning technology with good biocompatibility and degradability can effectively repair tendons, and its mechanical properties can be achieved by adjusting the fiber diameter and fiber spacing. Here, this review first briefly introduces the structure and function of the tendon and the repair process after injury. Then, different kinds of biodegradable natural polymers for tendon repair are summarized. Then, the advantages and disadvantages of three-dimensional (3D) electrospun products in tendon repair and regeneration are summarized, as well as the optimization of electrospun fiber scaffolds with different bioactive materials and the latest application in tendon regeneration engineering. Bioactive molecules can optimize the structure of these products and improve their repair performance. Importantly, we discuss the application of the 3D electrospinning scaffold’s superior structure in different stages of tendon repair. Meanwhile, the combination of other advanced technologies has greater potential in tendon repair. Finally, the relevant patents of biodegradable electrospun scaffolds for repairing damaged tendons, as well as their clinical applications, problems in current development, and future directions are summarized. In general, the use of biodegradable electrospun fibers for tendon repair is a promising and exciting research field, but further research is needed to fully understand its potential and optimize its application in tissue engineering.

Bletilla striata Polysaccharide-Containing Carboxymethyl Cellulose Bilayer Structure Membrane for Prevention of Postoperative Adhesion and Achilles Tendon Repair

“…However, the tendon remodeling stage often takes more than a year, whereas skin tissue heals within a few months. The complications of PA between the tendon and surrounding tissue will further delay repairs of the tendon. − Barrier is one of the common ways to prevent PA. Early studies used hyaluronic acid (HA), alginate, and chitosan (CA), separately or in complexes, in the form of hydrogels, films, or fibers, as physical barriers to reduce the PA of the tendon. − These studies demonstrated good antiadhesion effects in animal and clinical studies.…”

Nanofibrous scaffolds for the healing of the fibrocartilaginous enthesis: advances and prospects

“…At present, various materials are widely used in the field of biomedicine. 17–27 Nanofibrous scaffolds made of various materials have shown their potential in nanotechnology. 28 Nanofibers are fibers with a diameter ranging from 1 to 1000 nm.…”

YouTube as a Patient Information Source for Tendon Repair Surgery

“…Tendons are strong structures composed of tenocytes, chondrocytes, and synovial cells as well as a predominant extracellular matrix containing type I collagen, elastin, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans [ 1 , 2 ]. These components form fibrils, fibers, and fascicles creating tendons that anchor the muscle to bone [ 1 , 2 ].…”

“…Tendons are strong structures composed of tenocytes, chondrocytes, and synovial cells as well as a predominant extracellular matrix containing type I collagen, elastin, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans [ 1 , 2 ]. These components form fibrils, fibers, and fascicles creating tendons that anchor the muscle to bone [ 1 , 2 ]. Of the possible musculoskeletal injuries, tendon injuries are the most common, with Achilles and patellar tendons being the most common site of injury [ 1 ].…”

“…While the type of management employed remains a decision made by patients and their physicians, surgical management is considered the gold standard for athletes and younger patients [3]. Surgical options include grafts (autografts, allografts, and xenografts), tissue engineering (biodegradable polymers such as silk protein, collagen, and hyaluronic acid), and prosthesis [1][2][3]. Regardless of the chosen surgical management, the goal is to reduce complications such as re-rupture and damage to the surrounding soft tissue and nerves and to return the patient to full mobility and strength [3].…”