Biotransformation of Geniposide into Genipin by Immobilized<i>Trichoderma reesei</i>and Conformational Study of Genipin

Yang, Yishun; Ding, Yue; Zhang, Tong

doi:10.1155/2018/2079195

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These indicated that UCP2 expression could not be inhibited in myocytes treated with geniposide and UCP2 is not a target of geniposide in skeletal muscle (panels E and F of Figure S4 of the Supporting Information). 31,32 Overall, these results together indicated that geniposide was required for maintaining normal glucose homeostasis by regulating PDH involved in fuel selection.…”

Section: ■ Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…In addition, because genipin is the inhibitor of UCP2 and the hydrolysis product of geniposide, we determined UCP2 expression in C2C12 cells and GAS muscle treated with geniposide and found that there is no significant difference. These indicated that UCP2 expression could not be inhibited in myocytes treated with geniposide and UCP2 is not a target of geniposide in skeletal muscle (panels E and F of Figure S4 of the Supporting Information). , Overall, these results together indicated that geniposide was required for maintaining normal glucose homeostasis by regulating PDH involved in fuel selection.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Geniposide Improves Glucose Homeostasis via Regulating FoxO1/PDK4 in Skeletal Muscle

Yan

Pan

Zhang

et al. 2019

J. Agric. Food Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is well-known that imbalance state of glucose metabolism triggers many metabolic diseases and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle accounts for 90% of body weight. Geniposide is one of the major natural bioactive constituents of gardenia fruit, and the regulation of geniposide on glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle has not yet been investigated. Here, on the basis of microarray analysis, we discovered that geinposide decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) expression in skeletal muscle of mice and subsequently found that geniposide inhibited the expressions of forkhead box O1 (FoxO1), PDK4, and phosphorylated pyruvate dehydrogenase in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, geniposide promoted a switch of slow-to-fast myofiber type and glucose utilization, suggesting that geniposide improved glucose homeostasis. In addition, mechanistic studies revealed that geniposide played above roles by regulating FoxO1/PDK4, which controlled fuel selection via pyruvate dehydrogenase. Meanwhile, effects of geniposide mentioned above could be reversed by FoxO1 overexpression. Together, these results establish that geniposide confers controls on fuel usage and glucose homeostasis through FoxO1/PDK4 in skeletal muscle.

show abstract

Section: ■ Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Geniposide Improves Glucose Homeostasis via Regulating FoxO1/PDK4 in Skeletal Muscle

Yan

Pan

Zhang

et al. 2019

J. Agric. Food Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…GHs generally catalyze hydrolytic cleavage of glycosidic bonds between the backbone and sugar residues in glycosides. Hence, to overcome differences in intestinal glycoside absorption and utilization rates caused by individual variations of intestinal microflora, attempts have been made to improve the hydrolytic efficiency of glycosides using in vitro bioconversion of herbal extracts with enzymes [10–12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight into the Hydrolytic Selectivity of β-Glucosidase to Enhance the Contents of Desired Active Phytochemicals in Medicinal Plants

Kim

Yeul

2018

BioMed Research International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Most glycosides in herbal medicines become pharmacologically active after hydrolysis or subsequent metabolism to respective aglycones. Hence, the hydrolytic efficiency of glycosidase is a crucial determinant of the pharmacological efficacy of herbal glycosides. In this study, we investigated the enzymatic conversion of the four herbal extracts and their glycosides using the glycoside hydrolase family 3 β-glucosidase from Lactobacillus antri (rBGLa). We show that β-glucosidase substrate specificity depends on the arrangements and linkage types of sugar residues in glycosides. The enzyme rBGLa showed higher hydrolytic selectivity for glucopyranoside than for glucuronide and rhamnopyranoside, and specificity for 1→6 rather than 1→2 linkages. In addition, in silico 3D structural models suggested that D243 and E426 of rBGLa act as catalytic nucleophile and acid/base residues, respectively. These experiments also suggested that substrate specificity is determined by interactions between the C6 residue of the sugar moiety of the substrate glycoside and the oxygen OD1 of D56 in rBGLa. Therefore, despite the broad substrate spectrum of β-glucosidase, differences in hydrolytic selectivity of β-glucosidases for glycoside structures could be exploited to enhance the hydrolysis of the desired medicinal glycosides in herbs using tailored β-glucosidases, allowing for improvement of specific potencies of herbal medicines.

show abstract

“…Thus, some studies have reported that a combination of geniposide or GF extract with Lactobacillus strains enhanced their functional properties, such as anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation in septic mice, an antioxidant effect in mouse liver injury, and an anti-proliferative effect in oral cancer cells [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Meanwhile, other studies have succeeded in enhancing the concentration of genipin using the immobilized bacterial enzyme glycosyl hydrolase family 3 β-glucosidase from L. antri or using immobilized fungal cells of Trichoderma reesei [ 25 , 26 ]. In this regard, the fermentation of GF with β-glucosidase harboring Lactobacillus strains can be conveniently exploited for the effective bioconversion of geniposide to genipin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional profiling of geniposide bioconversion into genipin during gardenia fructus extract fermentation by <i>Lactobacillus (Lactiplantibacillus) plantarum</i> SN13T

SHAKYA,

DANSHIITSOODOL,

NODA

et al. 2024

Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SN13T is a probiotic plant-derived lactic acid bacterium that can grow in various medicinal plant extracts. In this study, we fermented an aqueous extract of gardenia fructus, the fruit of a medicinal plant, with SN13T, such that the bioactivity of the extract was potentiated after fermentation to suppress the release of inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), as well as downregulate inflammatory genes in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. This increased antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity was mediated through bioconversion of the iridoid glycoside geniposide to its aglycone genipin via the supposed hydrolytic action of β-glucosidases harbored by SN13T. In the complete genome of SN13T, ten putative genes encoding β-glucosidases of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 1 organized among eight gene operons were identified. Transcriptional profiling revealed that two 6-phospho-β-glucosidase genes, pbg9 and SN13T_1925 , located adjacently in the gene operon SN13T_1923 , were transcribed significantly more than the remaining genes during fermentation of the gardenia extract. This suggests the role of these β-glucosidases in bioconversion of geniposide to genipin and the subsequent enhanced bioactivity of the gardenia fructus extract after fermentation with SN13T.

show abstract

Biotransformation of Geniposide into Genipin by ImmobilizedTrichoderma reeseiand Conformational Study of Genipin

Cited by 5 publications

References 38 publications

Geniposide Improves Glucose Homeostasis via Regulating FoxO1/PDK4 in Skeletal Muscle

Geniposide Improves Glucose Homeostasis via Regulating FoxO1/PDK4 in Skeletal Muscle

Insight into the Hydrolytic Selectivity of β-Glucosidase to Enhance the Contents of Desired Active Phytochemicals in Medicinal Plants

Transcriptional profiling of geniposide bioconversion into genipin during gardenia fructus extract fermentation by <i>Lactobacillus (Lactiplantibacillus) plantarum</i> SN13T

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About