Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Piper betle Leaf Extract and Its Application in Surgical Sutures

Abstract

Surgical site infection (SSI), mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), is considered the most frequent complication in a surgical patient. Globally, surgical site infection accounts for 2.5%-41.9% and even higher rates in developing countries. SSI affects not only the patient’s health but also the development of society. Like previous reports, a surgical suture increases the hazard of SSI due to its structure. The antibacterial suture is the most effective solution to decrease the SSI. Due to some unique properties, nano-zinc oxide (ZnO NPs) is one of the promising antibacterial agents for coating on the suture. In this study, we aim to synthesize the ZnO NPs using Piper betle leaf extract and used it to coat the suture. The effect of synthesis parameters on the size and morphology of ZnO NPs was studied as well. The UV-Vis spectrum indicated the formation of ZnO NPs with λ max at around 370 nm. The volume of leaf extract plays a role in controlling the size and morphology of zinc oxide nanoparticles. The average particle size of as-synthesized ZnO NPs was around 112 nm with a hexagonal and spherical shape. Other than that, the results proved that ZnO NPs performed a high antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli with its antibacterial effectiveness up to 5 days. The ZnO NP-coated sutures also exhibited a high performance on bacterial inactivation. With key findings, this study made a tremendous contribution to lowering the burden on medical services in terms of medical treatment cost in developing countries.

Green synthesis of ZnO dopped Piper chaudocanum leaf extract by co-precipitation method: characterization, antibacterial and anticancer activity

“…enhance the antibacterial activity [40]. These values were comparable to the ZnO NPs synthesized using other plant leaf extracts with antibacterial effects such as P. betle (3 mm for S. aureus) [42], P. nigrum (27.6 mm for S. aureus) [28], Becium grandi orum (7 mm and 11 mm for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa) [43] and Arthrospira platensis (21.1 mm and 19.1 mm against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively [44]). The result indicates that the ZnO NPs synthesized using P. chaudocanum extract could be a potential candidate for antibacterial drugs.…”

Green Synthesis of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Using Different Plants’ Parts for Antimicrobial Activity and Anticancer Activity: A Review Article

“…Surgical site infection affects not only the health of patients but also the development of the country. The anti-bacterial agents are a significantly effective solution to lower this rate and Piper betle-mediated ZnO nanoparticles were proven to show excellent antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli [82]. Becium grandiflorum was reported for the biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and evaluated antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (ZOI = 7 mm), E. coli (ZOI = 6 mm), K. pneumonia (ZOI = 8 mm), and P. aeruginosa (ZOI = 11mm) bacteria, shown in Figure 3.…”

Eco-friendly innovation: harnessing nature’s blueprint for enhanced photocatalysis and antimicrobial potential in multi-structured PN/ZnO nanoparticles

“…The functional group of phytochemicals included in the extract may help to explain the hexagonal and spherical shapes of NPs [84,85]. ZnO has a variety of nanostructures because of the capping and stabilization supplied by the phytochemicals or bioactive compounds included in the extract, which work as capping and stabilizing agents during NP formation [86]. These phytochemicals engage in a variety of interactions with the ZnO plane nuclei on the different faces (two polar and six side facets).…”