Biosynthesis, Characterization, and Wound-Healing Activity of Phenytoin-Loaded Copper Nanoparticles

Abstract

Wound-healing is a very complex and evolutionary process that involves a great variety of dynamic steps. Although different pharmaceutical agents have been developed to hasten the woundhealing process, the existing agents are still far from optimal. The present work aimed to prepare and evaluate the wound-healing efficacy of phenytoin-loaded copper nanoparticles (PHT-loaded CuNPs). CuNPs were biosynthesized using licorice aqueous extract. The prepared CuNPs were loaded with PHT by adsorption, characterized, and evaluated for wound-healing efficiency. Results showed that both plain and PHT-loaded CuNPs were monodisperse and exhibited a cubic and hexagonal morphology. The mechanism by which PHT was adsorbed on the surface of CuNPs was best fit by the Langmuir model with a maximum loaded monolayer capacity of 181 mg/g. The kinetic study revealed that the adsorption reaction followed the pseudo-second order while the thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption process was physical in nature and endothermic, and occurred spontaneously. Moreover, the in vivo wound-healing activity of PHT-loaded CuNP impregnated hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) gel was carried out using an excisional wound model in rats. Data showed that PHT-loaded CuNPs accelerated epidermal regeneration and stimulated granulation and tissue formation in treated rats compared to controls. Additionally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed that lesions treated with PHT-loaded CuNPs were associated with a marked increase in the expression of dermal procollagen type I and a decrease in the expression of the inflammatory JAK3 compared to control samples. In conclusion, PHT-loaded CuNPs are a promising platform for effective and rapid wound-healing.

Novel Green Biosynthesis of 5-Fluorouracil Chromium Nanoparticles Using Harpullia pendula Extract for Treatment of Colorectal Cancer

“…Green preparations of nanoparticles using plant extracts as capping and reducing agents are gaining popularity in the field of nanotechnology [ 25 , 26 ]. The reasons behind the use of this methodology include the fact it is centered around the use of environmentally friendly, financially savvy, and biocompatible lessening specialists for the combination of nanoparticles [ 27 , 28 ].…”

A review of green methods for phyto-fabrication of hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles and their characterization, properties, and applications

“…As mentioned previously; Uv-vis used in optical propertied determination as band gap, transition type determination (direct or indirect; allowed or not allowed) [ 107 , 124 ], Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) [ 47 , 125 ] used for identification and functional groups determination that associated with NPs as –OH; –NH; –C=O; –CO; –C=C; -CH groups, etc…, Photoluminescence (PL) is an important method for estimating semiconductor purity and crystallinity performance and disorder amount estimation present in the lattice structure. Photoluminescence has a wide variety of uses including energy band gap estimation, level of impurities, and identification of defects, understanding of the mechanism of recombination, quality monitoring of materials, molecular structure, and modeling of the crystallinity [ 96 ].…”

“…Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) used for purity; crystallinity, crystallographic system, and particle size determination from Bragg's law [ 47 , 96 , 107 ].…”

“…The unique, special physicochemical and surface properties of the ultra-scale NMs were used to create groundbreaking approaches to many daunting environmental issues. Significant efforts are ongoing to improve and investigate the uses of NMs in applications such as membrane isolation, catalysis, adsorption, sensing, and processing with a view to improved environmental safety [ 47 , 48 ]. NPs of many metals and metal oxides give some good kinetics and improved sorption or catalytic ability for many environmental-significant reactions because of their incredibly high surface area to volume ratio.…”

“…However, studies indicate that the phytoconstituents (primary and secondary metabolites) in the plant extract play a significant role in the biosynthesis of NPs. In particular, these compounds, as (polyphenols, proteins, flavonoids, tannic acids, terpenoids, alkaloids, sugars, amino acids) especially contain carbonyl, hydroxyl, and amino groups or rich via electron cloud groups that act as natural antioxidants to reduce carcinogenic metal ions to NPs [ 35 , 47 , 96 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 ].…”