Bioremediation of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a review of the microbial degradation of benzo[a]pyrene

Juhasz, Albert L.; Naidu, Ravi

doi:10.1016/s0964-8305(00)00052-4

Cited by 927 publications

(484 citation statements)

References 244 publications

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“…The experiment was performed in six replicates for each concentration and time point in order to provide triplicates for separate quantification of biomass and PHE. The mini-cultures were incubated at 30°C, shaken at 135 rpm, and harvested as follows: for N. pentaromativorans, after 0, 4,8,12,24,36,48,96, and 144 h of incubation for initial 10, 25, and 50 mg L −1 PHE concentrations and after 0, 6,12,24,48,96,144,192, and 288 h for initial 100, 200, and 400 mg L −1 PHE concentrations; and for S. yanoikuyae and Sphingomonas sp., after 0, 4,8,12,24,30,36,48, and 96 h for initial 10, 25, and 50 mg L −1 PHE concentrations and after 0, 6,12,24,48,72,96,192, and 288 h for initial 100, 200, and 400 mg L −1 PHE concentrations.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Results and Integrated Modeling of Bacterial Growth on an Insoluble Hydrophobic Substrate (Phenanthrene)

Adam

Rein

Miltner

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Metabolism of a low-solubility substrate is limited by dissolution and availability and can hardly be determined. We developed a numerical model for simultaneously calculating dissolution kinetics of such substrates and their metabolism and microbial growth (Monod kinetics with decay) and tested it with three aerobic phenanthrene (PHE) degraders: Novosphingobium pentaromativorans US6-1, Sphingomonas sp. EPA505, and Sphingobium yanoikuyae B1. PHE was present as microcrystals, providing non-limiting conditions for growth. Total PHE and protein concentration were tracked over 6–12 days. The model was fitted to the test results for the rates of dissolution, metabolism, and growth. The strains showed similar efficiency, with v max values of 12–18 g dw g–1 d–1, yields of 0.21 g g–1, maximum growth rates of 2.5–3.8 d–1, and decay rates of 0.04–0.05 d–1. Sensitivity analysis with the model shows that (i) retention in crystals or NAPLs or by sequestration competes with biodegradation, (ii) bacterial growth conditions (dissolution flux and resulting chemical activity of substrate) are more relevant for the final state of the system than the initial biomass, and (iii) the desorption flux regulates the turnover in the presence of solid-state, sequestered (aged), or NAPL substrate sources.

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Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Results and Integrated Modeling of Bacterial Growth on an Insoluble Hydrophobic Substrate (Phenanthrene)

Adam

Rein

Miltner

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…During the sinking process, PAHs, especially low-molecular weight (LMW) PAHs (e.g. phenanthrene), are subject to micro-degradation (Juhasz and Naidu, 2000;Ohkouchi et al, 1999), which is partly influenced by the time length of exposure to microorganisms. The sampling sites in the SCS are located at deeper water depths (65e2456 m; Table S1) than those in Yellow Sea (53.8e80.4 m; Table S1), but the levels of phenanthrene in the SCS sediment (5.3e22.6 ng/g with an average of 12.2 ng/g) were higher than those in the Yellow Sea sediment (1.3e13.7 ng/g with an average of 6.9 ng/g), suggesting lower degree of decomposition in the SCS than in Yellow Sea.…”

Section: Reference To Terrestrial Emission Intensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in continental shelf sediment of China: Implications for anthropogenic influences on coastal marine environment

Liu¹,

Wang²,

Wei³

et al. 2012

Environmental Pollution

129

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“…Their role is crucial in the degradation of many organic pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are notorious for their resistance to biodegradation. Several bacteria were found to degrade PAHs but only a few have been reported to attack four and five ring PAHs [2,3]. In Sphingomonas strain CHY-1 a single RHD has been shown to be responsible for the oxidation of a wide range of PAHs [4].…”

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The catalytic pocket of the ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase from Sphingomonas CHY-1

Jakoncic

Jouanneau

Meyer

et al. 2007

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

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Ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases are multicomponent bacterial enzymes that catalyze the first step in the oxidative degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons. The dioxygenase from Sphingomonas CHY-1 is unique in that it can oxidize a wide range of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). With a crystal structure similar to that of the seven other known dioxygenases, its catalytic domain features the largest hydrophobic substrate binding cavity characterized so far. Molecular modeling studies indicated that the catalytic cavity is large enough to accommodate a five-ring benzo [a]pyrene molecule. The predicted positions of this and other PAHs in the substrate binding pocket are consistent with the product regio-and stereo-selectivity of the enzyme. Keywordsdioxygenase; catalytic domain; mononuclear iron; bioremediation; high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons The first step in the biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons by aerobic bacteria often involves a dihydroxylation on two adjacent carbon atoms of the aromatic ring, catalyzed by a ringhydroxylating dioxygenase (RHD). RHDs form a large family of enzymes, very diverse in terms of substrate specificity and protein sequence [1]. Their role is crucial in the degradation of many organic pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are notorious for their resistance to biodegradation. Several bacteria were found to degrade PAHs but only a few have been reported to attack four and five ring PAHs [2,3]. In Sphingomonas strain CHY-1 a single RHD has been shown to be responsible for the oxidation of a wide range of PAHs [4]. This dioxygenase consists of three components, a NADH-dependent reductase (PhnA4), a ferredoxin containing a Rieske type [2Fe-2S] cluster (PhnA3), and a terminal oxygenase, PhnI, containing both a mononuclear iron [Fe 2+ ] and a [2Fe-2S] Rieske cluster [5]. Recent biochemical studies showed that the dioxygenase from strain CHY-1 was able to oxidize at least eight PAHs made of 2 to 5 aromatic rings, in contrast to most other dioxygenases, whose selectivity is limited to 2 and 3 ring PAHs [6,7,8]. A positive electron density observed in the PhnI refined three-dimensional structure served as probe in modeling different substrates in the catalytic pocket. This study presents evidence that the broad substrateCorresponding author: Vivian Stojanoff, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton NY 11973 US, Tel.: 1 631 344 8375; Fax: 1 631 344 3238, Email : vivian.stojanoff@gmail.gov. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public AccessAuthor Manuscript Biochem Biophy...

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Bioremediation of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a review of the microbial degradation of benzo[a]pyrene

Cited by 927 publications

References 244 publications

Experimental Results and Integrated Modeling of Bacterial Growth on an Insoluble Hydrophobic Substrate (Phenanthrene)

Experimental Results and Integrated Modeling of Bacterial Growth on an Insoluble Hydrophobic Substrate (Phenanthrene)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in continental shelf sediment of China: Implications for anthropogenic influences on coastal marine environment

The catalytic pocket of the ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase from Sphingomonas CHY-1

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