Bioreduction of AuCl4− Ions by the Fungus, Verticillium sp. and Surface Trapping of the Gold Nanoparticles Formed D.M. and S.S. thank the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Government of India, for financial assistance.

Mukherjee, Priyabrata; Ahmad, Absar; Mandal, Deendayal; Senapati, Satyajyoti; Sainkar, S. R.; Khan, M. Islam; Ramani, R.; Parischa, Renu; Ajayakumar, P. V.; Alam, M. S.; Sastry, Murali; Kumar, Rajiv

doi:10.1002/1521-3773(20011001)40:19<3585::aid-anie3585>3.0.co;2-k

Cited by 760 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…Mukherjee et al reported the synthesis of AuNPs using the fungus Verticillium sp. whereby intracellular AuNPs were observed localised on the surface of the mycelia via the biological reduction of AuCl 4 - [47].…”

Section: Nanoparticle Synthesis By Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles by Bacteria, Fungi and Plants

Pantidos¹

2014

J Nanomed Nanotechnol

462

221

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Over the past few decades interest in metallic nanoparticles and their synthesis has greatly increased. This has resulted in the development of numerous ways of producing metallic nanoparticles using chemical and physical methods. However, drawbacks such as the involvement of toxic chemicals and the high-energy requirements of production make it difficult for them to be widely implemented. An alternative way of synthesising metallic nanoparticles is by using living organisms such as bacteria, fungi and plants. This "green" method of biological nanoparticle production is a promising approach that allows synthesis in aqueous conditions, with low energy requirements and low-costs. This review gives an overview of some of these environmentally friendly methods of biological metallic nanoparticle synthesis. It also highlights the potential importance of these methods in assessing nanoparticle risk to both health and the environment.techniques, which are generally low-cost and high-volume. However, the need for toxic solvents and the contamination from chemicals used in nanoparticle production limit their potential use in biomedical applications [15]. Therefore a "green", non-toxic way of synthesising metallic nanoparticles is needed in order to allow them to be used in a wider range of industries. This could potentially be achieved by using biological methods.Many bacteria, fungi and plants have shown the ability to synthesise metallic nanoparticles and all have their own advantages and disadvantages (Table 1) [16][17][18]. Intracellular or extracellular synthesis, growth temperature, synthesis time, ease of extraction and percentage synthesised versus percentage removed from sample ratio, all play an important role in biological nanoparticle production. Finding the right biological method can depend upon a number of variables. Most importantly, the type of metal nanoparticle under investigation is of vital consideration, as in general organisms have developed resistance against a small number of metals, potentially limiting the choice of organism. However synthetic biology; a nascent field of science, is starting to address these issues in order to create more generalised chassis, able to synthesise more than one type of metallic nanoparticle using the same organism [19]."Natural" biogenic metallic nanoparticle synthesis can be split into two categories. The first is bioreduction, in which metal ions are chemically reduced into more stable forms biologically. Many organisms have the ability to utilise dissimilatory metal reduction, in which the reduction of a metal ion is coupled with the oxidation of an enzyme [20]. This results in stable and inert metallic nanoparticles that can then be safely removed from a contaminated sample. The second category is biosorption. This involves the binding of metal ions from Journal of Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology J o u rna l of N a n o m ed icine & N a n o te chnolo g y

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Section: Nanoparticle Synthesis By Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles by Bacteria, Fungi and Plants

Pantidos¹

2014

J Nanomed Nanotechnol

462

221

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“…The metal nanoparticles adsorbs on the surface is characteristic of flavonones (Carlson et al, 2008). The proteins/enzymes show the characteristic peaks in the amide I, II regions and are responsible for synthesis and stabilization of metal nanoparticles (Ahmad et al, 2003;Mukherjee et al, 2001). The free amine group or cysteine residues in the protein can bind silver nanoparticles (Gole et al, 2001) and bound proteins on the surface stabilize the silver nanoparticles during synthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuber Extract Mediated Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and its Antioxidant, Antibacterial Activity

Sivakumar¹,

Gajalakshmi²,

Subramania³

et al. 2015

J. of Biological Sciences

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A B S T R A C TThe biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by the reduction of aqueous silver metal ions during revelation to both fresh, dry tuber extract and in vitro antioxidant, antibacterial activity of sweet potato were studied. Tuber extract of sweet potato was prepared for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles under different reaction time. The prepared materials were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). During incubation period, the intensity of colour increased and its characteristic absorption was recorded at 428 and 439 nm. X-ray diffraction showed that the average particles size 4.77 and 5.6 nm. The FT-IR spectra of the tuber extract and synthesized silver nanoparticles revealed the reducing and capping actions of biomolecules such as amine, peptide, amide, lactone, polyphenol groups in protein linkages and it was found to be involved in the stabilization and biosynthesis of AgNPs. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed silver nanoparticles was pure and the sizes were ranging from 1-10 µm. Green synthesized silver nanoparticles exhibited strong antioxidant and effective antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria. Thus, green synthesis seems to be cost effective and alternate to conventional methods of silver nanoparticles synthesis. No synthetic reagent were used in this investigation and thus it is an environmentally safe method with potential for biomedical and agriculture application.

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“…In addition there are no hazardous and toxic residues released in the environment [36,37]. It has been established that the Se nanoparticles prepared from biological material are less toxic than the bulk Se nanoparticles prepared from chemicals.…”

Section: Green Synthesis Of Selenium Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles from Broccoli, Characterization, Application and Toxicity

Kapur¹,

Soni²,

Kohli³

2017

Adv Tech Biol Med

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Selenium in broccoliBroccoli belongs to the Brassicaceae family, originated in the Mediterranean regions and distributed in Europe and in the United States. Broccoli is rich in micronutrients such as carotene, vitamin C and folic acid-fibers, phytochemicals such as glucosinolates (GLs) and *Corresponding author: Kanchan Kohli, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India, Tel: +911126059688; E-mail: drkanchankohli@gmail.com AbstractPlant-based diets and phytochemicals present in plants can be used to decrease the risk of cancer. This article deals with Brassica species and broccoli in particular which are associated with reduced risk of several important cancers. These plants mainly contain selenium (Se) covalently bound in a number of different chemical forms which is mainly responsible for its biological activity. Further, several enzymes contain selenium in the form of the unusual selenocysteine amino acid which act on free radicals. Broccoli has the ability to accumulate Se many-fold beyond the concentration of Se present in the soil. Reflecting on the above it can be suggested that development of methods to increase the natural accumulation of Se in broccoli may greatly enhance its health-promoting properties. The present article details about green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles and their methods of characterizations. Green synthesis is a biological procedure which can be achieved can be achieved by using plant extracts. This method is capable of producing SeNPs in a size range of about 50-150 nm, under ambient conditions. It was found that SeNPs are able to inhibit the cell growth by dose-dependent manner. In addition, combination of SeNPs and doxorubicin shows better anticancer effect than individual treatments. The present review also brings to light about the causes and implications of toxic effects posed by Se nanoparticles as well as applications of Se nanoparticles in medicine.Green Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles from Broccoli, Characterization, Application and Toxicity Citation: Kapur M, Soni K, Kohli K (2017) Green Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles from Broccoli, Characterization, Application and Toxicity. Adv Tech Biol Med 5: 198. doi: 10.4172/2379-1764.1000198 Page 2 of 7 ManaviVolume Se Nanoparticles Characterization [42]An initial characterization of the test substance is imperative before any toxicity screening is commenced. A more extensive and complete characterization, including size distribution, shape, surface area, surface chemistry, crystallinity, porosity, agglomeration state, surface charge, solubility, etc., is recommended for nanomaterials in order to determine the correct correlation between their physicochemical properties and the biological effects they elicit [43][44][45][46].

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Bioreduction of AuCl4− Ions by the Fungus, Verticillium sp. and Surface Trapping of the Gold Nanoparticles Formed D.M. and S.S. thank the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Government of India, for financial assistance.

Cited by 760 publications

References 7 publications

Biological Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles by Bacteria, Fungi and Plants

Biological Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles by Bacteria, Fungi and Plants

Tuber Extract Mediated Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and its Antioxidant, Antibacterial Activity

Green Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles from Broccoli, Characterization, Application and Toxicity

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