Biopolymers as bone substitutes: a review

Kashirina, Anastasiia; Yao, Yongtao; Liu, Yanju; Leng, Jinsong

doi:10.1039/c9bm00664h

Cited by 110 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 208 publications

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“…However, their constraints make new approaches, and materials mixture with or without cells is necessary to improve the performance of their counterparts. 2,6,12 Recently, utilization of hydrophobic materials and hydrophobic/hydrophilic interactions in tissue scaffolds such as hydrophobic association hydrogels has become an exciting research topic in the rapidly developing field of tissue engineering due to their critical roles in the biological system, especially in mechanical performance. 13,14 It was demonstrated that surface and matrix hydrophobicity has a critical effect in protein adsorption, 15 osteoblast attachment, 16 biomineralization process, 17 and promoting the healing of bone defects.…”

Section: Synthesis and Characterization Of Go Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The demand for bone substitutes has been increasing globally. 1,2 Tissue engineers focus more on the fabrication of different types of bone substitutes with or without stem cells/progenitor cells and growth factors for repairing bone defects. 3,4 Simulating the natural bone extracellular matrix (ECM) with hydrophobic-hydrophilic composite faces of heterogeneous materials and hierarchical porous and fibrous architectures as 3D scaffolds that provide surfaces for cell attachment, proliferation, migration, complete biodegradability, and nontoxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Freeze-dried multiscale porous nanofibrous three dimensional scaffolds for bone regenerations

et al. 2020

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Introduction: Simulating hydrophobic-hydrophilic composite face with hierarchical porous and fibrous architectures of bone extracellular matrix (ECM) is a key aspect in bone tissue engineering. This study focused on the fabrication of new three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds containing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), with and without graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles using the chemical cross-linking and freeze-drying methods for bone tissue application. The effects of GO on physicochemical features and osteoinduction properties of the scaffolds were evaluated through an in vitro study. Methods: After synthesizing the GO nanoparticles, two types of 3D scaffolds, PTFE/PVA (PP) and PTFE/PVA/GO (PPG), were developed by cross-linking and freeze-drying methods. The physicochemical features of scaffolds were assessed and the interaction of the 3D scaffold types with human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) including attachment, proliferation, and differentiation to osteogenic like cells were investigated. Results: GO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized with no agglomeration. The blending of PTFE as a hydrophobic polymer with PVA polymer and GO nanoparticles (hydrophilic compartments) were successful. Two types of 3D scaffolds had nano topographical structures, good porosities, hydrophilic surfaces, thermal stabilities, good stiffness, as well as supporting the cell attachments, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. Notably, GO incorporating scaffolds provided a better milieu for cell behaviors. Conclusion: Novel multiscale porous nanofibrous 3D scaffolds made from PTFE/ PVA polymers with and without GO nanoparticles could be an ideal candidate for bone tissue engineering as a 3D template.

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Section: Synthesis and Characterization Of Go Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Freeze-dried multiscale porous nanofibrous three dimensional scaffolds for bone regenerations

et al. 2020

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“…In parallel, a huge variety of polymers have been tested as bone substitutes ( Kashirina et al, 2019 ). However, only a few of them are suitable to be used as unique constituent of a final implant, such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polyaryletherketones (PAEK) and ultrahigh-molecular-weight-polyethylene (UHMWPE).…”

Section: Biomaterials For Bone Tissue Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Options for Bone Metastasis Treatment: An Extensive Analysis on Biomaterials-Based Strategies for Orthopedic Surgeons

Guerrieri

Montesi

Sprio

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Bone is the third most frequent site of metastasis, with a particular incidence in breast and prostate cancer patients. For example, almost 70% of breast cancer patients develop several bone metastases in the late stage of the disease. Bone metastases are a challenge for clinicians and a burden for patients because they frequently cause pain and can lead to fractures. Unfortunately, current therapeutic options are in most cases only palliative and, although not curative, surgery remains the gold standard for bone metastasis treatment. Surgical intervention mostly provides the replacement of the affected bone with a bioimplant, which can be made by materials of different origins and designed through several techniques that have evolved throughout the years simultaneously with clinical needs. Several scientists and clinicians have worked to develop biomaterials with potentially successful biological and mechanical features, however, only a few of them have actually reached the scope. In this review, we extensively analyze currently available biomaterials-based strategies focusing on the newest and most innovative ideas while aiming to highlight what should be considered both a reliable choice for orthopedic surgeons and a future definitive and curative option for bone metastasis and cancer patients.

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“…At present, the most widely applied biomaterials for bone scaffolds’ production include synthetic polymers (such as polycaprolactone (PCL), polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA) and polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)) [ 14 , 15 , 16 ], as well as bioceramics (such as β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), hydroxyapatite (HA) and its doped alternatives) [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Polymeric materials have showed great promise as 3D substitutes for bone tissues, particularly for their widely demonstrated biocompatibility, biodegradability and easy processability [ 21 , 22 ]; whereas bioceramics have been mainly investigated for their similarity to the inorganic phase of native bone tissue, and thus for their positive outcomes towards osteointegration, osteoinduction and osteoconduction [ 23 ]. However, given the composite characteristics of native human bone, the promising combination of polymers and ceramics, and where each phase contributes with its own strengths to the final biomaterial-based solution, has been recognized by several research works [ 16 , 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards 3D Multi-Layer Scaffolds for Periodontal Tissue Engineering Applications: Addressing Manufacturing and Architectural Challenges

et al. 2020

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Reduced periodontal support, deriving from chronic inflammatory conditions, such as periodontitis, is one of the main causes of tooth loss. The use of dental implants for the replacement of missing teeth has attracted growing interest as a standard procedure in clinical practice. However, adequate bone volume and soft tissue augmentation at the site of the implant are important prerequisites for successful implant positioning as well as proper functional and aesthetic reconstruction of patients. Three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds have greatly contributed to solve most of the challenges that traditional solutions (i.e., autografts, allografts and xenografts) posed. Nevertheless, mimicking the complex architecture and functionality of the periodontal tissue represents still a great challenge. In this study, a porous poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and Sr-doped nano hydroxyapatite (Sr-nHA) with a multi-layer structure was produced via a single-step additive manufacturing (AM) process, as a potential strategy for hard periodontal tissue regeneration. Physicochemical characterization was conducted in order to evaluate the overall scaffold architecture, topography, as well as porosity with respect to the original CAD model. Furthermore, compressive tests were performed to assess the mechanical properties of the resulting multi-layer structure. Finally, in vitro biological performance, in terms of biocompatibility and osteogenic potential, was evaluated by using human osteosarcoma cells. The manufacturing route used in this work revealed a highly versatile method to fabricate 3D multi-layer scaffolds with porosity levels as well as mechanical properties within the range of dentoalveolar bone tissue. Moreover, the single step process allowed the achievement of an excellent integrity among the different layers of the scaffold. In vitro tests suggested the promising role of the ceramic phase within the polymeric matrix towards bone mineralization processes. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that the approach undertaken may serve as a platform for future advances in 3D multi-layer and patient-specific strategies that may better address complex periodontal tissue defects.

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Biopolymers as bone substitutes: a review

Abstract: Human bones have unique structure and characteristics, and replacing a natural bone in the case of bone fracture or bone diseases is a very complicated problem.

Cited by 110 publications

References 208 publications

Freeze-dried multiscale porous nanofibrous three dimensional scaffolds for bone regenerations

Freeze-dried multiscale porous nanofibrous three dimensional scaffolds for bone regenerations

Innovative Options for Bone Metastasis Treatment: An Extensive Analysis on Biomaterials-Based Strategies for Orthopedic Surgeons

Towards 3D Multi-Layer Scaffolds for Periodontal Tissue Engineering Applications: Addressing Manufacturing and Architectural Challenges

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