Biomineralization induced by chitosan and collagen‐based materials with fluoride for dentin coverage: Chemical and morphological analysis

Abstract

The prevention and treatment of erosive tooth wear are becoming increasingly important due to its increasing prevalence. The use of natural solutions to modify dental surfaces has become an area of research. Organic materials such as chitosan and hydrolyzed collagen may be a promising option to treat dentin. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the influence of chitosan or hydrolyzed collagen, alone or combined with acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel, on the composition and morphology of dentin after erosion. Bovine dentin samples were prepared (n = 84) and treated with artificial saliva (AS, negative control); APF gel (F, positive control); chitosan solution (Chi); hydrolyzed collagen solution (Col); fluoride/chitosan composition (F_Chi); and fluoride/hydrolyzed collagen composition (F_Col). Erosive cycles (six cycles of immersion in orange juice for 1 min, followed by immersion in AS for 1 hr) were performed. The materials were characterized by their morphology, composition, and particle size distribution. Micro-energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and scanning electron were used to evaluate the dentin's inorganic chemical composition and morphology. The F_Col and F groups had a reduction in calcium loss by 17 and 26%, respectively (p < .001). Both of these groups still had a covering layer of agglomerates at the dentin surface after the erosive cycles. The fluoridated chitosan or collagen solutions improved the dentin resistance to erosion as a novel hybrid-fluoride-based material approach to provide surface protection from erosion.

Influence of fluoride characteristics on tooth surface protection in an erosive condition: A multifaceted characterization approach

“…When the incident x‐rays of μ‐EDXRF interact with the surface, a smaller number of x‐rays pass through this thicker layer, resulting in smaller amounts of backscattered x‐rays. Consequently, reduced Ca and P weight percentages were observed 13 . This hypothesis is supported by the SEM micrographs of enamel (Figure 7).…”

“…Consequently, reduced Ca and P weight percentages were observed. 13 This hypothesis is supported by the SEM micrographs of enamel (Figure 7).…”

“…The chemical characteristics of the sample following fluoride treatment are relevant, and analytical tools such as energy dispensing micro‐X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF) were used previously to study changes in tooth HAp 4 . EDXRF allows for qualitative and semiquantitative elemental analyses of inorganic tooth components, such as calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P), in small areas 12,13 . This type of evaluation allows obtaining the Ca/P ratio of the enamel and dentin due to the Ca and P present in HAp crystals are the major inorganic components of dental hard tissue 14 …”

Acquired pellicle engineering for the control of erosive tooth wear: in vitro and in situ evaluation of the protective potential of a sugarcane-derived cystatin (CaneCPI-5)

“…A study revealed that chitosan forms layers on the surface, which are differently structured according to the environment: changes in pH, chitosan concentration and application time can vary the type of layers formed [36]. In dental erosion, chitosan increases the number of cross-links between collagen fibers and neutralizes MMPs, preventing collagen degradation [37]. Furthermore, under acidic conditions, the amino groups of chitosan capture hydrogen ions, resulting in an overall positive charge that makes the molecule adhesive by electrostatic forces to negatively charged surfaces, such as enamel or dentin [38].…”

“…The reduction in demineralization can be explained by the interaction of the chitosan/fluoride gel with the dentin surface and with some of the material's adhesion promoters, which form a poor covering layer that occluded and partially occluded dentin tubules. Finally, a cover that protects against erosive challenges [37].…”