Biomineral-inspired growth of metal–organic frameworks in gelatin hydrogel matrices

Garai, Ashesh; Shepherd, W.H.; Bradshaw, Darren

doi:10.1039/c3tb20814a

Cited by 32 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…5 For example, MOFs with large internal pore volumes and tunable crystal size have been employed in drug delivery studies, 6 including preliminary in vivo investigations. 7 Furthermore, inspired by natural biomineralization, we have demonstrated how biomacromolecules, 8 biomaterials, 9 and cells 10 can efficiently promote MOF crystallization establishing the important first steps toward MOF-based biomaterials that may be of practical use in industrial biocatalysis and biobanking. An important conclusion derived from these studies is that the development of this area requires a fundamental understanding of MOF formation at bio-interfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal–Organic Frameworks at the Biointerface: Synthetic Strategies and Applications

et al. 2017

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Many living organisms are capable of producing inorganic materials of precisely controlled structure and morphology. This ubiquitous process is termed biomineralization and is observed in nature from the macroscale (e.g., formation of exoskeletons) down to the nanoscale (e.g., mineral storage and transportation in proteins). Extensive research efforts have pursued replicating this chemistry with the overarching aims of synthesizing new materials of unprecedented physical properties and understanding the complex mechanisms that occur at the biological-inorganic interface. Recently, we demonstrated that a class of porous materials termed metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can spontaneously form on protein-based hydrogels via a process analogous to natural matrix-mediated biomineralization. Subsequently, this strategy was extended to functional biomacromolecules, including proteins and DNA, which have been shown to seed and accelerate crystallization of MOFs. Alternative strategies exploit co-precipitating agents such as polymers to induce MOF particle formation thus facilitating protein encapsulation within the porous crystals. In these examples the rigid molecular architecture of the MOF was found to form a protective coating around the biomacromolecule offering improved stability to external environments that would normally lead to its degradation. In this way, the MOF shell mimics the protective function of a biomineralized exoskeleton. Other methodologies have also been explored to encapsulate enzymes within MOF structures, including the fabrication of polycrystalline hollow MOF microcapsules that preserve the original enzyme functionality over several batch reaction cycles. The potential to design MOFs of varied pore size and chemical functionality has underpinned studies describing the postsynthesis infiltration of enzymes into MOF pore networks and bioconjugation strategies for the decoration of the MOF outer surface, respectively. These methods and configurations allow for customized biocomposites. MOF biocomposites have been extended from simple proteins to complex biological systems including viruses, living yeast cells, and bacteria. Indeed, a noteworthy result was that cells encapsulated within a crystalline MOF shell remain viable after exposure to a medium containing lytic enzymes. Furthermore, the cells can adsorb nutrients (glucose) through the MOF shell but cease reproducing until the MOF casing is removed, at which point normal cellular activity is fully restored. The field of MOF biocomposites is expansive and rapidly developing toward different applied research fields including protection and delivery of biopharmaceuticals, biosensing, biocatalysis, biobanking, and cell and virus manipulation. This Account describes the current progress of MOFs toward biotechnological applications highlighting the different strategies for the preparation of biocomposites, the developmental milestones, the challenges, and the potential impact of MOFs to the field.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal–Organic Frameworks at the Biointerface: Synthetic Strategies and Applications

et al. 2017

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“…MOFs feature a variety of properties such as high surface area, pores with large volumes, well‐defined cavities, tunable pore sizes and designable organic ligands . Moreover, it can be synthesized along with a range of substrates under moderate biocompatible conditions. It has also been proved to be a highly efficient structure for enzyme encapsulation due to its extensive surface area with an exceptional porous nature, which enhances the loading capacity, and its prominent affinity towards enzyme limits the leaching effect .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid In Situ Encapsulation of Laccase into Metal‐Organic Framework Support (ZIF‐8) under Biocompatible Conditions

Patil

Yadav

2018

ChemistrySelect

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In situ immobilization of laccase into metal‐organic framework (laccase‐MOF) was performed by assisting one‐pot synthesis strategy. A novel method to synthesize octahedral laccase‐MOF composite with enhanced thermostability is reported. The present work deals with entrapment of laccase into zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF‐8) by simply mixing solution of zinc acetate, 2‐methylimidazole, and laccase at room temperature (28 ± 2 °C). Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Confocal scanning microscopy were employed to characterize laccase‐MOF composite. The thermostability of prepared composite was assessed concerning half‐life at varying temperatures which conferred 3.6‐fold enhancement over free enzyme. Also, kinetic studies of immobilized laccase showed a slightly higher Km and lower Vmax values along with the enhancement of thermodynamic parameters after non‐covalent interaction. Moreover, the immobilized laccase‐MOF maintained up to 48% of residual activity for seven subsequent cycles in batch mode, whereas the storage stability studies exhibited up to 83% up to 21 days of storage. Finally, FT‐IR data tool was employed to investigate the effect of encapsulation on fractions of secondary structure of protein.

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“…We posit that hybrid organic–inorganic materials would provide a more versatile and general method for encapsulating biomacromolecules as, in general, the protein domains have a high affinity for the organic moieties 14 . A rapidly growing class of hybrid materials termed metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) represent excellent candidates for this purpose, as they are: constructed from organic and inorganic components 15 , thermally and chemically stable 16 17 18 19 , can be grown on different substrates (films 20 , particles 21 and gels 22 ), and under mild biocompatible conditions 19 . In addition, they have been utilized as a biocompatible material for drug release 19 23 .…”

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Biomimetic mineralization of metal-organic frameworks as protective coatings for biomacromolecules

et al. 2015

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Enhancing the robustness of functional biomacromolecules is a critical challenge in biotechnology, which if addressed would enhance their use in pharmaceuticals, chemical processing and biostorage. Here we report a novel method, inspired by natural biomineralization processes, which provides unprecedented protection of biomacromolecules by encapsulating them within a class of porous materials termed metal-organic frameworks. We show that proteins, enzymes and DNA rapidly induce the formation of protective metal-organic framework coatings under physiological conditions by concentrating the framework building blocks and facilitating crystallization around the biomacromolecules. The resulting biocomposite is stable under conditions that would normally decompose many biological macromolecules. For example, urease and horseradish peroxidase protected within a metal-organic framework shell are found to retain bioactivity after being treated at 80 °C and boiled in dimethylformamide (153 °C), respectively. This rapid, low-cost biomimetic mineralization process gives rise to new possibilities for the exploitation of biomacromolecules.

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Biomineral-inspired growth of metal–organic frameworks in gelatin hydrogel matrices

Cited by 32 publications

References 33 publications

Metal–Organic Frameworks at the Biointerface: Synthetic Strategies and Applications

Metal–Organic Frameworks at the Biointerface: Synthetic Strategies and Applications

Rapid In Situ Encapsulation of Laccase into Metal‐Organic Framework Support (ZIF‐8) under Biocompatible Conditions

Biomimetic mineralization of metal-organic frameworks as protective coatings for biomacromolecules

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