Biomimetic electrochemistry from conducting polymers. A review

Otero, Toribio F.; Martínez, José G.; Arias‐Pardilla, J.

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2012.03.097

Cited by 272 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 209 publications

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“…Similar electrochemical responses and subsequent conclusion to those here exposed were obtained from films of conducting polymers (Conzuelo et al, 2010;Otero et al, 2012a;Martinez, 2013a,b, 2015) or graphene (Martínez et al, 2012). The presence of chemical reactions gives for the empirical reaction rates the expected semilogarithmic or double-logarithmic relationships for the studied experimental variables.…”

Section: Other Carbon-based Materialssupporting

confidence: 59%

Faradaic and Capacitive Components of the CNT Electrochemical Responses

2016

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The nature of the electrochemical responses from carbon nanotubes (CNTs), capacitive (physical), or Faradaic (chemical, also named p-doping or n-doping) remain controversial. In this chapter, the literature is reviewed and discussed trying to elucidate if some of the two processes prevails, how the presence of chemical reactions can be elucidated and which properties, specific from the chemical processes, can be exploited. Different electrochemical responses and theories trying to explain those responses are discussed. The separation and quantification methodologies of the capacitive and Faradaic components involved in some electrochemical responses from CNTs are presented.

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Section: Other Carbon-based Materialssupporting

confidence: 59%

Faradaic and Capacitive Components of the CNT Electrochemical Responses

2016

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“…[ 39,40 ] The voltammetric and coulovoltammetric responses could change with the chemical nature of the free-standing fi lms: here we will explore the infl uence of different counterions by using different electrolytes, different proton concentrations, or fi lms of polypyrrole blend with organic acids.…”

Section: Structural Electrochemistry From Freestanding Polypyrrole Fimentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Electrochemistry from Freestanding Polypyrrole Films: Full Hydrogen Inhibition from Aqueous Solutions

Otero

Martínez

Fuchiwaki

et al. 2013

Adv Funct Materials

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Free-standing polypyrrole fi lms, being the metal-polymer contact located several millimeters outside the electrolyte, give stationary closed coulovoltammetric (charge/potential) loop responses to consecutive potential sweeps from -2.50 V to 0.65 V in aqueous solutions. The continuous and closed charge evolution corroborates the presence of reversible fi lm reactions (electroactivity), together high electronic and ionic conductivities in the full potential range. The closed charge loop demonstrates that the irreversible hydrogen evolution is fully inhibited from aqueous solutions of different salts up to -2.5 V vs Ag/AgCl. The morphology of the closed charge loops shows abrupt slope changes corresponding to the four basic components of the structural electrochemistry for a 3D electroactive gel: reduction-shrinking, reduction-compaction, oxidation-relaxation, and oxidation-swelling. Freestanding fi lms of conducting polymers behave as 3D gel electrodes (reactors) at the chain level, where reversible electrochemical reactions drive structural conformational and macroscopic (volume variation) changes. Very slow hydrogen evolution is revealed by coulovoltammetric responses at more cathodic potentials than -1.1 V from strong acid solutions, or in neutral salts self-supported blend fi lms of polypyrrole with large organic acids. Conducting polymers overcome graphite, mercury, lead, diamond, or carbon electrodes as hydrogen inhibitors, and can compete with them for some electro-analytical and electrochemical applications in aqueous solutions.

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“…Figure 5a illustrates that the charge transfer outside the glove box is much lower than that inside, which reflects that the conversion efficiency of electrical energy to mechanical energy in the glove box is higher than that outside. In general, the stress generated in a bending actuator is directly proportional to the charge passed [27,45]. Comparing the data given in Figure 5a,b, the relationships between the force exerted by the actuator and the charge were found to be approximately linear, as depicted.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of the Tri-layer Actuatormentioning

confidence: 66%

Environmental Effects on the Polypyrrole Tri-layer Actuator

2017

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Abstract:Electroactive polymer actuators such as polypyrrole (PPy) are exciting candidates to drive autonomous devices that require low weight and low power. A simple PPy tri-layer bending type cantilever which operates in the air has been demonstrated previously, but the environmental effect on this actuator is still unknown. The major obstacle in the development of the PPy tri-layer actuator is to create proper packaging that reduces oxidation of the electrolyte and maintains constant displacement. Here, we report the variation in the displacement as well as the charge transfer at the different environmental condition. PPy trilayer actuators were fabricated by depositing polypyrrole on gold-coated porous poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) using the electro-synthesis method. It has been demonstrated that the charge transfer of tri-layer actuators is more in an inert environment than in open air. In addition, tri-layer actuators show constant deflection and enhancement of life due to the negligible oxidation rate of the electrolyte in an inert environment.

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Biomimetic electrochemistry from conducting polymers. A review

Cited by 272 publications

References 209 publications

Faradaic and Capacitive Components of the CNT Electrochemical Responses

Faradaic and Capacitive Components of the CNT Electrochemical Responses

Structural Electrochemistry from Freestanding Polypyrrole Films: Full Hydrogen Inhibition from Aqueous Solutions

Environmental Effects on the Polypyrrole Tri-layer Actuator

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