Biomedical and Microbiological Applications of Bio-Based Porous Materials: A Review

Abstract

Extensive employment of biomaterials in the areas of biomedical and microbiological applications is considered to be of prime importance. As expected, oil based polymer materials were gradually replaced by natural or synthetic biopolymers due to their well-known intrinsic characteristics such as biodegradability, non-toxicity and biocompatibility. Literature on this subject was found to be expanding, especially in the areas of biomedical and microbiological applications. Introduction of porosity into a biomaterial broadens the scope of applications. In addition, increased porosity can have a beneficial effect for the applications which exploit their exceptional ability of loading, retaining and releasing of fluids. Different applications require a unique set of pore characteristics in the biopolymer matrix. Various pore morphologies have different characteristics and contribute different performances to the biopolymer matrix. Fabrication methods for bio-based porous materials more related to the choice of material. By choosing the appropriate combination of fabrication technique and biomaterial employment, one can obtain tunable pore characteristic to fulfill the requirements of desired application. In our previous review, we described the literature related to biopolymers and fabrication techniques of porous materials. This paper we will focus on the biomedical and microbiological applications of bio-based porous materials.

Effect of TEMPO-oxidization and rapid cooling on thermo-structural properties of nanocellulose

“…Nanocelluloses typically include nanowhiskers or nanocrystalline celluloses (NCC) obtained from the mechanical disintegration of an acid hydrolyzed (e.g. 63.5 wt% sulfuric acid) cellulose/water slurry of native celluloses; TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (NFS); and nanofibrillated celluloses obtained from recurrent twin-screw extruder or high-pressure homogenizer treatments for chemically modified or unmodified cellulose/water slurries (Pääkkö et al, 2007, Aulin et al, 2009Okita, Fujisawa, Saito, & Isogai, 2010;Thennakoon, Ching, Kuan, Chuah, Luqman, 2017).…”

Antibacterial wound dressing nanofibrous mats composed of cellulose acetate loaded with chitosan/erythromycin nanoparticles

“…The resultant NFs mats exhibit a remarkably high porosity, as well as the addition of Ery-CS NPs, caused a slight increment in porosity, however, the changes between porosity values are not statistically signi cant. The presence of large volume of porosity would be helpful for the exchange of oxygen and nutrients to the interior of the wound dressing [54].…”

Evaluation of keratin biomaterial containing silver nanoparticles as a potential wound dressing in full‐thickness skin wound model in diabetic mice

“…In recent years, naturally derived biomaterials have been extensively utilized in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (Gao et al, ). Many different biomaterials including collagen, cellulose, chitosan, gelatine, silk, hyaluronic acids, and alginate have been employed for biomedical application especially in wound healing (Udenni Gunathilake, Ching, Ching, Chuah, & Abdullah, ).…”