Biomechanical Comparison of 2 Veterinary Locking Plates to Monocortical Screw/Polymethylmethacrylate Fixation in Canine Cadaveric Cervical Vertebral Column

Hettlich, Bianca Felicitas; Fosgate, Geoffrey T.; Litsky, Alan S.

doi:10.1111/vsu.12581

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The bilateral 3.5‐mm SOP implants used in this case were chosen for their low profile, increased degrees of freedom, and ability to be placed “stood‐off” the bone to preserve important neurovascular structures without compromising implant integrity . In a biomechanical canine cadaveric study comparing use of bilateral 3.5‐mm SOP, bilateral 2.4‐mm titanium locking reconstruction plates, and monocortical titanium screws with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) for ventral cervical vertebral fixation at C4 to C5, no significant difference in stiffness was observed between the three implants during flexion, extension, or right lateral bending . Specifically, use of PMMA was avoided in the present calf because of previously reported disadvantages, including potentially damaging exothermic polymerization, difficulty of removal if compromised, and risk of promoting additional bacterial colonization while simultaneously inhibiting osteogenesis …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical intervention for vertebral osteomyelitis in a calf

et al. 2019

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Objective: To report the surgical treatment and outcome of a non-ambulatory calf with cervical vertebral ostoeomyelitis. Study design: Clinical report. Sample population: One 3.5-month-old female mixed-breed calf with tetraparesis of 3 months duration. Methods: After computed tomography-guided bone biopsy, a bacterial osteolytic lesion within the body of the fourth cervical vertebrae (C4) and resultant pathologic compression fracture clinically resulting in full tetraparesis was diagnosed in the calf. Culture results from the lesion within C4 confirmed a diagnosis of Trueperella pyogenes. Results: Poor response to medical management justified surgical debridment of the lesion in C4 and subsequent stabilization of the cervical vertebral column. A threepart procedure was performed including (1) debridement of the C4, (2) bilateral ventral vertebral stabilization from C3 to C5, and (3) placement of ampicillinimpregnated plaster of Paris beads within the body of C4. With postoperative physical rehabilitation, the calf regained full ambulatory function. At 1-month follow-up, the calf remained ambulatory with mild proprioceptive ataxia and no evidence of implant failure. At annual recheck, the calf had gained 208 kg and remained fully ambulatory with no residual neurologic deficits. Conclusion: Surgical intervention and use of antibiotic-impregnated implants offered a viable alternative to long-term medical management of vertebral osteomyelitis in the calf reported here. Clinical significance: This case identifies surgical intervention as a potential means for improving outcomes in a historically fatal condition of production animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical intervention for vertebral osteomyelitis in a calf

et al. 2019

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“…Plate contouring is not easy to achieve for the spine owing to the complex conformation of the bones. Locking plates may provide satisfactory anchoring with monocortical screws [ 2 , 3 , 36 ] without the need of being perfectly contoured [ 3 ]. They can be placed on a nontension surface of the bone [ 3 , 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They can be placed on a nontension surface of the bone [ 3 , 30 ]. Locking plates have a low profile and provide closer to normal spinal rigidity than PMMA [ 3 , 35 , 36 ]. This is particularly important in areas where major flexion forces are present, that is, the thoracolumbar junction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Follow-Up of Dogs and Cats after Stabilization of Thoracolumbar Instability Using 2-0 UniLock Implants

Letesson¹,

Goin

Trouillet³

et al. 2022

Veterinary Medicine International

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Traumatic vertebral fracture or luxation often results in spinal instability requiring surgical stabilization. This study describes the long-term outcome of spinal stabilization using a unilateral 5-hole 2-0 UniLock implant in eight dogs and two cats with trauma-induced thoracolumbar vertebral luxation/subluxation and presumed instability, as assessed by a combination of preoperative radiographs and MRI using a 3-compartment method. The UniLock plate was secured with four monocortical locking screws in adjacent vertebral bodies. Additional pins and facet screws were used in several patients. Postoperative radiographs and MRI studies showed restoration of the main spinal axis in all patients and satisfactory implantation of the screws in the vertebral bodies, with no intrusion in the vertebral canal or in the adjacent intervertebral disc spaces. Neurological status improved in nine patients six weeks postoperatively. Partial implant failure was detected in three patients with no long-term consequences. After 12 months, seven patients reached full recovery with no neurological deficit, two patients were euthanized (including one owing to an unrelated condition), and one remained paraparetic. The results of this study demonstrate that using a 2-0 UniLock implant to stabilize the thoracolumbar spine results in satisfactory long-term recovery in most dogs and cats with traumatic spinal luxation/subluxation and presumed instability. Complications may occur but do not require revision surgery and do not affect clinical outcomes.

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“…7 Clinical reports and biomechanical studies suggest that transvertebral body screws/PMMA or locking plates are effective in stabilizing the vertebral column of dogs with CSM. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The addition of an interbody spacer in these constructs significantly increases stiffness. 13,14 Monoaxial or polyaxial pedicle screws are used for vertebral stabilization in dogs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The addition of an interbody spacer in these constructs significantly increases stiffness. 13,14 Monoaxial or polyaxial pedicle screws are used for vertebral stabilization in dogs. 15,16 Biomechanical studies on pedicle screws have been performed in synthetic models, 17 canine cadavers 18 and in vivo 19,20 to stabilize the lumbosacral spine after decompressive surgery, resulting in efficient stabilization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Cervical Stabilization with Transpedicular Pins and Polymethylmethacrylate versus Transvertebral Body Polyaxial Screws with or without an Interbody Distractor in Dogs

Marinho

Ferrigno

Costa

et al. 2022

Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol

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Objective The main aim of this study was to compare the biomechanical properties of caudal cervical vertebral stabilization using bicortical transpedicular pins with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) versus transvertebral body polyaxial screws and connecting rods with or without an interbody distractor. Study Design Ten canine cervical vertebral columns (C2–T3) were used. Four models (intact, transvertebral body polyaxial screw with interbody distractor [polyaxial + distractor], transvertebral body polyaxial screw without interbody distractor [polyaxial − distractor] and bicortical transpedicular pins/polymethylmethacrylate [pin-PMMA]) were applied to C6–7 sequentially on the same specimens. Angular range of motion (AROM) in the form of flexion and extension was measured at C4–5, C5–6 and C6–7 in all groups. Results Treated vertebral specimens had significantly less AROM than unaltered specimens. There was no significant difference in AROM between the experimental groups at C6 and C7. Angular range of motion ratio in flexion–extension was 80.8, 72.7 and 78.3% for polyaxial + distractor, polyaxial − distractor and pin-PMMA groups, respectively, which were less than the intact group. There was no significant increase in the range of motion of the adjacent vertebrae after stabilization. Conclusion Stabilization obtained with transvertebral body polyaxial screws was comparable to that from the well-established bicortical pins/PMMA construct. Association of an intervertebral distractor did not change AROM of the polyaxial screw constructs.

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Biomechanical Comparison of 2 Veterinary Locking Plates to Monocortical Screw/Polymethylmethacrylate Fixation in Canine Cadaveric Cervical Vertebral Column

Abstract: Monocortical fixation with two 3.5 mm SOP or two 2.4 mm Ti recon plates may be an alternate fixation to monocortical screws and PMMA.

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Surgical intervention for vertebral osteomyelitis in a calf

Surgical intervention for vertebral osteomyelitis in a calf

Long-Term Follow-Up of Dogs and Cats after Stabilization of Thoracolumbar Instability Using 2-0 UniLock Implants

Comparison of Cervical Stabilization with Transpedicular Pins and Polymethylmethacrylate versus Transvertebral Body Polyaxial Screws with or without an Interbody Distractor in Dogs

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