Patients who tolerated a full ECMO weaning trial and had aortic VTI ≥10 cm, LVEF >20-25%, and TDSa ≥6 cm/s at minimal ECMO flow were all successfully weaned. However, further studies are needed to validate these simple and easy-to-acquire Doppler echocardiography parameters as predictors of subsequent ECMO weaning success in patients recovering from severe cardiogenic shock.

The rapid emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms in ICUs worldwide constitute a problem of crisis dimensions. The root causes of this problem are multifactorial, but the core issues are clear. The emergence of antibiotic resistance is highly correlated with selective pressure resulting from inappropriate use of these drugs. Appropriate antibiotic stewardship in ICUs includes not only rapid identification and optimal treatment of bacterial infections in these critically ill patients, based on pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic characteristics, but also improving our ability to avoid administering unnecessary broad-spectrum antibiotics, shortening the duration of their administration, and reducing the numbers of patients receiving undue antibiotic therapy. Either we will be able to implement such a policy or we and our patients will face an uncontrollable surge of very difficult-to-treat pathogens.