Biomass Allocation and Leaf Chemical Defence in Defoliated Seedlings of Quercus serrata with Respect to Carbon–Nitrogen Balance

Hikosaka, Kouki; Takashima, T; Kabeya, Daisuke; Hirose, Tadaki; Kamata, Naoto

doi:10.1093/aob/mci111

Cited by 40 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…This is a characteristic that is also considered to enhance tolerance to leaf loss in highly grazing-tolerant grasses such as Lolium perenne [21]. Thus, the observed utilization of stored C reserves in response to defoliation in grain amaranth was in agreement with findings in many defoliation and grazing-tolerant species in which the reduced photosynthetic activity and energy supply occurring as a consequence of a drastic to total reduction of leaf area, generally activated a quick mobilization of C reserves, predominantly as starch, to sustain regrowth and ensure survival [21], [50], [51], [52]. It was also in agreement with data from other studies that have shown that stored resources play an important role in reducing the net seasonal physiological costs of reproduction in tolerant plants when leaf photosynthetic activity is manipulated, either by shading or defoliation (see Figure 10, for example) [47], [53], [54].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Grain Amaranths Are Defoliation Tolerant Crop Species Capable of Utilizing Stem and Root Carbohydrate Reserves to Sustain Vegetative and Reproductive Growth after Leaf Loss

et al. 2013

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Tolerance to defoliation can be defined as the degree to which productivity is affected by photosynthetic area reduction. This trait was studied in grain amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus and A. hypochondriacus), which are considered to be a highly defoliation-tolerant species. The physiological and biochemical responses to increasing levels of mechanical leaf removal up to total defoliation were quantified. Tolerance appeared to be dependent on various factors: ( i) amount of lost tissue; (ii) mechanics of leaf tissue removal; (iii) environment, and (iv) species tested. Thus, grain amaranth was found to be a highly tolerant species under green-house conditions when leaf tissue loss was performed by gradual perforation. However, tolerance was compromised under similar conditions when defoliation was done by gradual cutting of the leaf. Also tolerance in completely defoliated plants tended to decrease under field conditions, where differences between A. cruentus and A. hypochondriacus were observed. All non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) levels were reduced in stems and roots of totally defoliated amaranths one day after treatment. Such depletion probably provided the carbon (C) resources needed to sustain the early recovery process in the absence of photosynthetic capacity. This was corroborated by shading of intact plants, which produced the same rapid and drastic reduction of NSC levels in these tissues. These results emphasize the role of stored NSCs, particularly starch, in buffering the impact of severe defoliation in amaranth. The fall in sucrose synthase and cell wall invertase activity observed in stems and roots soon after defoliation was consistent with their predicted shift from sink to source tissues. It is concluded that mobilization of C stores in stems and roots, is a physiologically important trait underlying tolerance to defoliation in grain amaranth.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Grain Amaranths Are Defoliation Tolerant Crop Species Capable of Utilizing Stem and Root Carbohydrate Reserves to Sustain Vegetative and Reproductive Growth after Leaf Loss

et al. 2013

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“…1, 2, 3), in accordance with several previous studies that found a higher induced response in low-fertility soil (Hunter and Schultz 1995;Ruohomäki et al 1996;Koricheva et al 1998;Hikosaka et al 2005;Cornelissen and Stiling 2006;Koike et al 2006). However, the leaf damage observed in these flushes did not differ between low-and high-fertility soils (Fig.…”

Section: Variability Of Induced Responsessupporting

confidence: 91%

Variation in herbivory-induced responses within successively flushing Quercus serrata seedlings under different nutrient conditions

Mizumachi

Mori

Akiyama

et al. 2012

Journal of Forest Research

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Herbivore damage can induce the host plant to alter the chemical and physical qualities of its leaves, which is thought to be a plant strategy-termed ''induced response''-for avoiding further herbivory. In woody plants, many studies have considered variation in induced response with resource availability, but few studies have examined this variation in relation to growth patterns of woody plants. We studied the phenotypic variability of induced response within successively flushing Quercus serrata seedlings. Q. serrata seedlings were grown under controlled conditions. The controlled factors were herbivore damage (herbivore-damaged and -undamaged) and soil fertility (low and high). At each flush stage, the concentrations of condensed tannin (CT), total phenolics (TP), and nitrogen (N) in leaves were analyzed, and the leaf mass per area (LMA) was measured. CT and TP concentrations in leaves and LMA were higher in herbivore-damaged seedlings. Leaves of the first flushes showed greater sensitivity to herbivore damage and had a higher CT concentration than leaves of the later flushes. Furthermore, seedlings growing in low-fertility soil showed a greater induced response. The results suggest that the induced response of Q. serrata seedlings was related to the contributions of the tissue to current productivity. Leaves of the first flush showed a greater induced response, possibly because they play an important role in subsequent growth. The potential of Q. serrata seedlings to adjust the properties of leaves depending on herbivory and soil fertility in relation to growth patterns may be advantageous on the forest floor, where seedlings grow in soil of heterogeneous fertility and are constantly exposed to herbivory.

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“…44 For example, e.g., in Populus species, 45 and in Pinus sylvestris L. 46 However, no effect of herbivore damage on tannin content was observed in Quercus serrata (Thunb.) 47 and Betula pendula Roth. 48 Like proteinase inhibitors and oxidative enzymes, tannins have been reported to be systemically induced in neighboring leaves of the damaged plant.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Mechanisms of plant defense against insect herbivores

War

Paulraj

Ahmad

et al. 2012

Plant Signaling & Behavior

1,570

1,129

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Biomass Allocation and Leaf Chemical Defence in Defoliated Seedlings of Quercus serrata with Respect to Carbon–Nitrogen Balance

Abstract: Defoliation alters biomass allocation and chemical defence through the carbon-nutrient balance at the plant and at the leaf level, respectively.

Cited by 40 publications

References 50 publications

Grain Amaranths Are Defoliation Tolerant Crop Species Capable of Utilizing Stem and Root Carbohydrate Reserves to Sustain Vegetative and Reproductive Growth after Leaf Loss

Grain Amaranths Are Defoliation Tolerant Crop Species Capable of Utilizing Stem and Root Carbohydrate Reserves to Sustain Vegetative and Reproductive Growth after Leaf Loss

Variation in herbivory-induced responses within successively flushing Quercus serrata seedlings under different nutrient conditions

Mechanisms of plant defense against insect herbivores

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