Biomarkers of periodontitis in oral fluids

Rai, Balwant; Kharb, Simmi; Jain, R.K.; Anand, S.C.

doi:10.2334/josnusd.50.53

Cited by 148 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Periodontal microbes and host-derived proteases could degrade host periodontal proteins and proteins involved in the inflammatory and immune reactions into peptides and amino acids that the microorganisms can absorb and used as nutritional resources (Sandholm, 1986;Eley and Cox, 2003). Studies have shown elevated levels of peptides and amino acids in periodontal population (Rai et al, 2008;Barnes et al, 2011). The increased peptides and amino acids would supply as a richer energy pool for the expansion of some specific organisms relying on oligopeptides as carbon and energy sources (Takahashi and Sato, 2002) that ultimately influences the microbial and functional structure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic and functional gene structure shifts of the oral microbiomes in periodontitis patients

et al. 2014

The ISME Journal

150

126

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Determining the composition and function of subgingival dental plaque is crucial to understanding human periodontal health and disease, but it is challenging because of the complexity of the interactions between human microbiomes and human body. Here, we examined the phylogenetic and functional gene differences between periodontal and healthy individuals using MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and a specific functional gene array (a combination of GeoChip 4.0 for biogeochemical processes and HuMiChip 1.0 for human microbiomes). Our analyses indicated that the phylogenetic and functional gene structure of the oral microbiomes were distinctly different between periodontal and healthy groups. Also, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis indicated that 39 genera were significantly different between healthy and periodontitis groups, and Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, Treponema, Filifactor, Eubacterium, Tannerella, Hallella, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus and Catonella showed higher relative abundances in the periodontitis group. In addition, functional gene array data showed that a lower gene number but higher signal intensity of major genes existed in periodontitis, and a variety of genes involved in virulence factors, amino acid metabolism and glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation were enriched in periodontitis, suggesting their potential importance in periodontal pathogenesis. However, the genes involved in amino acid synthesis and pyrimidine synthesis exhibited a significantly lower relative abundance compared with healthy group. Overall, this study provides new insights into our understanding of phylogenetic and functional gene structure of subgingival microbial communities of periodontal patients and their importance in pathogenesis of periodontitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic and functional gene structure shifts of the oral microbiomes in periodontitis patients

et al. 2014

The ISME Journal

150

126

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“…Thus, saliva can be collected under conditions in which blood collection would be difficult or inadvisable. Technological advances have improved experimental approaches, thereby eliminating limitations on using saliva as a diagnostic tool in monitoring health or disease status (23)(24)(25)(26)(27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontal status, salivary immunoglobulin, and microbial counts after short exposure to an isolated environment

Rai¹,

Kaur²

2013

J Oral Sci

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Salivary flow rate, immunoglobulin, and periodontal status were affected during a simulated Skylab mission. The effect is more prominent after long-duration space flights and can persist for several weeks after landing. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a simulated Mars environment on periodontal status and levels of salivary microorganisms and immunoglobulins in the human oral cavity. Twelve healthy male volunteers were studied before, at 1 and 2 weeks, and after completion of a mission in an isolated, confined simulated Mars environment at the Mars Desert Research Station, USA. We conducted a current stress test, measured salivary immunoglobulin, cortisol, α-amylase, salivary flow rate, and levels of plaque and salivary microbes, and assessed clinical periodontal parameters (probing depth, bleeding on probing, and clinical loss of attachment). Salivary IgG levels and Streptococcus mutans activity were significantly higher at 1 week. Values for clinical periodontal parameters (probing depth, bleeding on probing, and clinical loss of attachment) significantly differed at 1 week. Stress might be caused by the difficulty of the mission rather than the isolated environment, as mission duration was quite short. Periodontal condition might worsen due to poor oral hygiene during the mission. The present findings show that all periodontal conditions and levels of oral bacteria and stress after completion of the simulated Mars mission differed from those at baseline. To verify the relationship between stress status and periodontal health in simulated Mars missions, future studies using larger patient samples and longer follow-up will be required. (J Oral Sci 55, 139-143, 2013)

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“…The residual bacteria may activate dentinal MMPs, contributing to the breakdown of demineralized collagen matrices and weakened dentin structure. MMPs, as collagenase and gelatinase have been found in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva (55)(56)(57)(58). Given the various sources of collagenase, a non-specific collagenase inhibitor with high inhibition, physico-chemical characteristic to adhere to inherently moistened dentin, and with substantivity is desired.…”

Section: Interaction Between Bacteria and Host-derived Mmpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive Chitosan Nanoparticles and Photodynamic Therapy Inhibit Collagen Degradation In Vitro

Persadmehr

Torneck

Cvitkovitch

et al. 2014

Journal of Endodontics

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This study evaluated the ability of photodynamic therapy (PDT), chitosan nanoparticles (CSnp), or their combination, to inhibit bacterial collagenase-mediated degradation of collagen. Rat type 1 fibrillar collagen matrices were untreated or treated with 2.5% glutaraldehyde (GD), 2.5% GD followed by 1% CSnp, 1% CSnp, PDT, or 1% CSnp followed by PDT. Samples, except untreated controls, were exposed to Clostridium histolyticum collagenase. The soluble digestion products were assessed by hydroxyproline assay and the remaining adherent collagen was quantified by picrosirius red (PSR) staining. Collagen treated with CSnp, PDT, or a combination of CSnp and PDT, exhibited less degradation than controls. The abundance of post-treatment residual collagen correlated with the extent of degradation. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis showed that PDT treatment enhanced collagen cross-linking.Immunoblotting of sedimented CSnp indicated that CSnp and collagenase bound with low affinity. However, CSnp-bound collagenase showed a significant reduction in collagenolytic activity compared with controls.III

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Biomarkers of periodontitis in oral fluids

Cited by 148 publications

References 17 publications

Phylogenetic and functional gene structure shifts of the oral microbiomes in periodontitis patients

Phylogenetic and functional gene structure shifts of the oral microbiomes in periodontitis patients

Periodontal status, salivary immunoglobulin, and microbial counts after short exposure to an isolated environment

Bioactive Chitosan Nanoparticles and Photodynamic Therapy Inhibit Collagen Degradation In Vitro

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