Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on customer experience to develop a better understanding of the concept and propose a research agenda. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a thorough review of 69 full-text articles, 12 books and one published dissertation related to customer experience. Findings The review describes the relevance of experiential perspective, service experience and customer experience to attract, delight and retain customers. Customer experience is regarded as a holistic interactive process, facilitated through cognitive and emotional clues, moderated by customer and contextual characteristics, resulting into unique and pleasurable/un-pleasurable memories. The study provides a deeper understanding of the concept and research issues for customer experience. Research limitations/implications It provides important insights into the emergence, development, management and measurement of customer experience-related issues for future research. Practical implications Customer experience needs to be considered and managed as a holistic strategic process for creating customer value, differentiation, customer satisfaction, loyalty and competitive advantage. Originality/value The study contributes to the understanding of customer experience and research agenda based on a thorough review of literature spanning 25 years.

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Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), the key enzymes responsible for matrix degradation, are derived from polymorphonuclear leukocytes during the early stages of periodontitis. The present study determined the levels of GCF matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and salivary MMP-8 in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis and in healthy controls. Levels of crevicular MMP-2, MMP-9 and salivary MMP-8 were determined by ELISA in subjects with healthy gingiva (n = 15), gingivitis (n = 18) and periodontitis (n = 20). Significantly higher salivary MMP-8 and crevicular MMP-9 were observed in cases of periodontitis compared to gingivitis and healthy adults. On the other hand, crevicular MMP-2 levels in periodontitis subjects were lower than those in gingivitis and healthy subjects. The three MMP levels were highly correlated to probing depth, and bleeding on probing. Salivary MMP-8, crevicular MMP-2 and 9 may serve as biomarkers of periodontal disease and aid in early detection of periodontitis or gingivitis. (J. Oral Sci. 50, [53][54][55][56] 2008)

Purpose -This study aims at developing a reliable and valid measure of retail customer experience. Design/methodology/approach -Scientific scale development process has been followed. Survey methodology was used to collect data. The results are tested for reliability and validity using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Findings -The study conceptualizes retail customer experience as a reliable and valid multidimensional construct, explained in four dimensions: leisure, joy, distinctive and mood. Research limitations/implications -It was confined to only "brick and mortar" personal lifestyle retail stores. Mediating and moderating effects of contextual variables and the influence of antecedents have not been studied. It provides insights into the "delivered" retail customer experience as perceived by the shoppers for future research. Practical implications -The scale can be used to measure the experiential responses of retail customers and provide directions for retailing strategies. Originality/value -The study presents psychometrically valid scale to measure retail customer experience scale.

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Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease with nonspecific clinical manifestations that commonly affects the pulmonary system and other organs including the eyes, skin, liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. Sarcoidosis usually presents with persistent dry cough, eye and skin manifestations, weight loss, fatigue, night sweats, and erythema nodosum. Sarcoidosis is not influenced by sex or age, although it is more common in adults (< 50 years) of African-American or Scandinavians decent. Diagnosis can be difficult because of nonspecific symptoms and can only be verified following histopathological examination. Various factors, including infection, genetic predisposition, and environmental factors, are involved in the pathology of sarcoidosis. Exposures to insecticides, herbicides, bioaerosols, and agricultural employment are also associated with an increased risk for sarcoidosis. Due to its unknown etiology, early diagnosis and detection are difficult; however, the advent of advanced technologies, such as endobronchial ultrasound-guided biopsy, high-resolution computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography has improved our ability to reliably diagnose this condition and accurately forecast its prognosis. This review discusses the causes and clinical features of sarcoidosis, and the improvements made in its prognosis, therapeutic management, and the recent discovery of potential biomarkers associated with the diagnostic assay used for sarcoidosis confirmation.

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PurposeThe purpose of this review is to examine the influence of music on consumption experience and explore the relationships between musical variables and consumer responses in the context of retailing.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on the review of studies conducted over last 30 years, empirical and conceptual, dealing with a large number of music‐related variables and their impact on various dimensions of consumption experience.FindingsThe studies report that music influences consumption experience at cognitive, emotional, and behavioural levels, specifically with regard to attitudes and perceptions, time and money spend, and moods and feelings, in retail experience. The influence of music is moderated by customer and store profiles, purchase timings, and other ambience factors.Research limitations/implicationsThe study provides important insights into critical issues related to influence of music, for future research.Practical implicationsThe research brings out important issues for designing musical environment in the retail stores to influence shopping experience and consumer responses.Originality/valueBased on a critical review of important studies, the present paper proposes a framework to understand the effect of music on consumption experience in retail stores.