Biology of fetal repair: The presence of bacteria in fetal wounds induces an adult-like healing response

Regulation of scar formation by vascular endothelial growth factor

“…This has been shown both in fetal and adult wound-healing systems. 10,19,25,26,57,[59][60][61][62] Due to the ability of VEGF to promote inflammatory cell recruitment 63,64 and vascular permeability, 12 it seemed possible that the reduction in scar formation seen after treatment with anti-VEGF antibodies might, therefore, be a result of reduced inflammation. However, we saw no differences in acute inflammation with anti-VEGF antibody treatment, suggesting that the reduction in scarring is not completely a result of reduced inflammation.…”

The Extracellular Matrix of the Fetal Wound: Hyaluronic Acid Controls Lymphocyte Adhesion

“…Perhaps the most striking aspect of these investigations has been the finding that fetal wounds heal without an inflammatory response and generate a "scarless" repair marked by tissue regeneration and organized structural integrity rather than be an important factor in thi~ procese of scarless ,repair [11][12][13]. The importance of lymphocytes, and in particular Tlymphocytes, in the procese of adult wound healing and their absence in fetal wounds has recently been reported [14][15][16].…”

Age-dependent recruitment of neutrophils by fetal endothelial cells: implications in scarless wound healing

“…The inflammatory response may be responsible, at least in part, for downstream fibrosis and scar formation because fibrosis occurs in these wounds when an inflammatory response is evoked by the application of bacteria or cytokines [3]. The reason for the lack of inflammation in early fetal wounds is not yet clearly understood.…”