Biologie und Massenwechsel der Tropischen Citrus-Blattlaus Toxoptera citricidus in Beziehung zu Nützlingsaktivität und Klima in Misiones Argentinien (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Nickel, Osmar; Klingauf, F.

doi:10.1127/entom.gen/10/1985/231

Cited by 7 publications

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“…Revealing the feeding behavior of vectors is essential to understand the spread and management of viral diseases (Ng & Perry, ). Previous studies showed a higher CTV transmission efficiency by adult aphids than by nymphs (Costa & Grant, ; Nickel & Klingauf, ; Lin et al., ). In field experiments, highly mobile adult aphids may be considered as the main stage to transmit CTV from one citrus plant to another, due to their feeding behavior (Ng & Falk, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…At present, the transmission mechanism of CTV in aphids is not clear (Meneghini, ; Killiny et al., ). However, the transmission efficiency was found to be higher in aphid adults than in nymphs through single‐aphid virus transmission testing (Costa & Grant, ; Nickel & Klingauf, ; Lin et al., ), although the explanation of this phenomenon is still unknown. The stages and viral transmission efficiency of T. citricida were directly related to the occurrence and prevalence of CTV; therefore, different mechanisms for CTV transmission were applied in various aphid life stages, helping in forecasting as well as control of CTV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An analysis of the feeding behavior of three stages of Toxoptera citricida by DC electrical penetration graph waveforms

Zhao

et al. 2019

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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With the purpose of studying the feeding behavior of the brown citrus aphid pest, Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), we compared stylet probing behaviors of third and fourth instars and adults on Citrus unshiu Marc (Rutaceae) seedlings using the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique. EPG waveforms exhibited the full suite of stylet behaviors – stylet pathway, intracellular stylet puncture, phloem salivation (E1), sieve ingestion (E2), and xylem sap ingestion activities, plus the non‐penetration (Np) waveform. Before the phloem phase, the number of probes was significantly higher for third‐instar nymphs than for adults. Overall duration of Np events by adults was significantly lower than the duration of third and fourth instars. The number of short probes of the fourth instars was significantly higher than that of the adults. In the phloem phase, adults made more frequent and longer E1 events than the third and fourth instars. Third instars made more frequent but shorter E2 events, whereas adults made fewer but longer events. These results showed adults gained nutrients by increasing feeding time during phloem ingestion. Thus, the probability of phloem‐associated virus acquisition and transmission of T. citricida was higher in adults than in nymphs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis of the feeding behavior of three stages of Toxoptera citricida by DC electrical penetration graph waveforms

Zhao

et al. 2019

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…Generally, there are two distinct population peaks of BrCA annually, one each in the spring and autumn (Chagas et al 1982;Nickel and Klingauf 1985;Seif and Islam 1988;Michaud and Browning 1999;Tsai and Lee 1999). However, the peaks do not fall on the same months each year and are solely dependent on rainfall in the preceding month that leads to the production of new shoots.…”

Section: Spring and Summer Populations Of Brcamentioning

confidence: 99%

Aphid Biodiversity under Environmental Change

Kindlmann¹,

Dixon²,

Michaud³

2010

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Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) v vi Preface effects on aphid biology, and indirectly through effects on plants and natural enemies. However, any sustained shift in prevailing wind patterns associated with atmospheric warming could generate an unpredictable cascade of ecological consequences for both agriculture and cereal aphids, mediated largely by changes in rainfall patterns and migration pathways, respectively.Qureshi considers the impact of increasing temperature on the aphid species Toxoptera citricida, a cosmopolitan pest of citrus and a highly efficient vector of citrus tristeza virus. He concludes that the negative impact of rising temperatures on T. citricida populations may be more pronounced in the south than elsewhere due to the relatively higher temperatures there, with more beneficial effects evident in the north.Clement et al. investigate the history of pea aphid outbreaks in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Various abiotic and biotic factors and their possible controlling influence on changes in pea aphid densities, with emphasis on winter temperatures within the context of climate change, are presented and discussed.Dixon and Hopkins study the mechanisms of coexistence of several aphid species on the same host plant. Using data on five species of aphids coexisting on the leaves of birch and indicate that the temporal patterns in their reproductive activity are associated with differences in their thermal tolerances.Roy and Majerus deal with the role of ladybirds in the changing world. They conclude that it is difficult to assess the impact that anthropogenic factors will have on most species of coccinellid but logic suggests that the direct anthropogenic drivers of environmental change, both individually and in concert, will be highly deleterious to all but the most adaptable and eurytopic coccinellids.Aphids have evolved a particular form of inducible anti-predator behaviour that involves the emission of alarm pheromone. Outreman et al. show that alarm signaling in aphids is associated with the ecological cost of attracting additional natural enemies and demonstrate that a full understanding of the evolution of inducible defenses has to consider a species' complete network of ecological interactions.This book fills a significant gap in the recent literature: while there are several books on aphid biology and ecology and their importance as crop pests (Dixon

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“…T. citricida attacks only growing citrus terminals and, consequently, BCA populations are strongly driven by citrus flush cycles which are themselves largely determined by climatic factors such as temperature and rainfall (N ICKEL and K LINGAUF , 1985). Scouting early spring flush on young trees and early flushing varieties is one means of assessing aphid populations in a grove prior to its main flush cycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of green lacewings, Chrysoperla plorabunda (Fitch) (Neurop., Chrysopidae), for augmentative release against Toxoptera citricida (Hom., Aphididae) in citrus

Michaud

2001

J Applied Entomology

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Larvae of the lacewing Chrysoperla plorabunda (Fitch) were evaluated in laboratory and field tests for potential to control the brown citrus aphid, Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy) in inundative releases. Larvae surviving to pupation consumed an average of 1676, 1297, 392, 165 and 130 1st–4th instar T. citricida nymphs and apterous adults, respectively, and the mean developmental time was 27.0, 23.0, 16.5, 13.8 and 18.3 days, respectively. The average pupation rate was 37.5%, but only 6.3% of pupae yielded adults. Developmental time and survival to pupation varied with the life stage of aphids fed to larvae, 4th instars yielding the highest survival and shortest developmental time. Development of C. plorabunda was compared on diets of T. citricida and Aphis spiraecola. Only 6.3% of larvae completed development on T. citricida, whereas 37.5% yielded adults on A. spiraecola. Larvae consumed more of the brown T. citricida than the green A. spiraecola in a choice test on a white background, but no preference was evident when aphids were offered on a black background. Two separate field trials were performed in citrus groves with T. citricida infestations in which an average of 275 and 116 C. plorabunda larvae/tree were released, respectively. The rate of T. citricida colony maturation (= survival to alate production) was very low in the first trial, and relatively high in the second trial, but did not differ between control and release trees in either trial. The most apparent cause of aphid colony mortality was predation by the coccinellids Cycloneda sanguinea L. and Harmonia axyridis Pallas. Despite acceptance of T. citricida in the laboratory, very few C. plorabunda larvae were observed feeding on aphid colonies on release trees.

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Biologie und Massenwechsel der Tropischen Citrus-Blattlaus Toxoptera citricidus in Beziehung zu Nützlingsaktivität und Klima in Misiones Argentinien (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

An analysis of the feeding behavior of three stages of Toxoptera citricida by DC electrical penetration graph waveforms

An analysis of the feeding behavior of three stages of Toxoptera citricida by DC electrical penetration graph waveforms

Aphid Biodiversity under Environmental Change

Evaluation of green lacewings, Chrysoperla plorabunda (Fitch) (Neurop., Chrysopidae), for augmentative release against Toxoptera citricida (Hom., Aphididae) in citrus

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