An analysis of the feeding behavior of three stages of<i>Toxoptera citricida</i>by<scp>DC</scp>electrical penetration graph waveforms

Zhao, Runa; He, Yingqin; Lu, Zhuoyue; Chen, Wenlong; Zhou, Changyong; Wang, Xuefeng; Li, Taisheng

doi:10.1111/eea.12791

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In the current study, the behaviors of T. citricida in accepting or rejecting a host plant on seven host plants were elucidated by this EPG technique. Here, six waveforms (np, C, pd, E1, E2, and G waveforms) were observed, which was consistent with our previous studies with EPG measurements in C. unshiu [39]. Feeding behavior and population development experiments showed Eureka exhibits obvious resistance to T. citricida, while Yuzu and Rough Lemon were susceptible host plants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Different Host Plants Distinctly Influence the Feeding Ability of the Brown Citrus Aphid Toxoptera citricida

Zhao

et al. 2021

Insects

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Piercing–sucking insects are important crop pests, and an understanding of their feeding behavior and population development plays a crucial role in studying insect population dynamics and crop resistance. In our study, we examined the probing behavior of the brown citrus aphid, Toxoptera citricida, using electropenetrography and assessed its population development after 8 days on seven host plants: Yuzu, Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka; Rough Lemon, C. jambhiri Lush.; ‘Luofu’ kumquat, Fortunella margarita Swingle; ‘Olinda’ valencia orange, C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck; ‘Yanxiwanlu’ Ponkan, C. reticulata Blanco; ‘Rohde Red’ valencia orange, C. sinensis; and ‘Eureka’ lemon, C. limon (L.) Osbeck. The results demonstrated that probing by the brown citrus aphid differed significantly according to the target hosts. Toxoptera citricida produced significantly more pathway activities on Eureka than on Rough Lemon and Yuzu. Toxoptera citricida spent more time from the first probe to first salivation into phloem sieve elements on Eureka compared to Yuzu. In addition, the total duration of ingestion from sieve cells of each aphid in the phloem-feeding phase was shortest on Eureka, and this was significantly shorter than that on Yuzu, Rough Lemon, Luofu, and Olinda. The population number of T. citricida on Eureka after 8 days was significantly lower than that on the other hosts. Overall, Eureka was found to have obvious resistance to T. citricida, whereas Yuzu and Rough Lemon were susceptible host plants. These results provide a theoretical basis for exploring aphid-resistant fruit tree resources using resistant varieties.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Different Host Plants Distinctly Influence the Feeding Ability of the Brown Citrus Aphid Toxoptera citricida

Zhao

et al. 2021

Insects

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“…In contrast, adults have 5 bouts lasting an average of 1.42 h [49]. Changes in behavior between adults and nymphs have been shown in other systems, though nymphs do not always have longer ingestion periods [50,51]. However, in the CLas system, late instar nymphs have greater exposure to CLas due to longer periods of phloem ingestion [49].…”

Section: Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Probing Behavior Component of Disease Transmission in Insect-Transmitted Bacterial Plant Pathogens

Ebert

2019

Insects

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Insects can be effective vectors of plant diseases and this may result in billions of dollars in lost agricultural productivity. New, emerging or introduced diseases will continue to cause extensive damage in afflicted areas. Understanding how the vector acquires the pathogen and inoculates new hosts is critical in developing effective management strategies. Management may be an insecticide applied to kill the vector or a host plant resistance mechanism to make the host plant less suitable for the vector. In either case, the tactic must act before the insect performs the key behavior(s) resulting in either acquisition or transmission. This requires knowledge of the timing of behaviors the insect uses to probe the plant and commence ingestion. These behaviors are visualized using electropenetrography (EPG), wherein the plant and insect become part of an electrical circuit. With the tools to define specific steps in the probing process, we can understand the timing of acquisition and inoculation. With that understanding comes the potential for more relevant testing of management strategies, through insecticides or host plant resistance. The primary example will be Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus transmitted by Diaphorina citri Kuwayama in the citrus agroecosystem, with additional examples used as appropriate.

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“…This could enhance the risk of acquisition and subsequent transmission of the virus when aphids feed on the peduncle of infected fruits. Despite the high efficiency of A. citricidus in transmitting non-EU CTV isolates [ 19 , 22 , 35 ], it is still unknown whether aphids can acquire and transmit CTV when probing on fruit peduncles. Furthermore, the main vector species of CTV in Spain, A. gossypii [ 20 ], could potentially acquire and transmit the virus when probing on peduncles of citrus fruits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aphids Are Unable to Ingest Phloem Sap from the Peduncles of Lime Fruits

Vázquez

Carmo-Sousa

Lopes

et al. 2020

Plants

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Citrus exports to Europe are regulated enforcing that fruits shall be free from peduncles and leaves, as they represent an important pathway for the entrance of non-European (non-EU) Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) isolates into the European Community. Aphids, are the vectors of CTV and could potentially feed on peduncles of imported fruits and thus spread non-EU isolates of CTV across Europe. We studied the probing behaviour of the main vectors of CTV (Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus and Aphis gossypii) on lime leaves and peduncles to assess whether they could potentially transmit the virus. Aphids placed on peduncles rejected probing and feeding, tried to escape and spent most of their time on non-probing activities. Our work demonstrated that both A. citricidus and A. gossypii could not ingest sap from the phloem of lime peduncles, as phloem ingestion was never observed. This implies that aphids would not be able to acquire CTV from an infected fruit peduncle and transmit it to a susceptible plant. Our study supports that citrus exports with fruit peduncles to Europe may not be a real risk for the introduction of non-EU isolates of CTV to the European Community.

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An analysis of the feeding behavior of three stages ofToxoptera citricidabyDCelectrical penetration graph waveforms

Cited by 11 publications

References 33 publications

Different Host Plants Distinctly Influence the Feeding Ability of the Brown Citrus Aphid Toxoptera citricida

Different Host Plants Distinctly Influence the Feeding Ability of the Brown Citrus Aphid Toxoptera citricida

The Probing Behavior Component of Disease Transmission in Insect-Transmitted Bacterial Plant Pathogens

Aphids Are Unable to Ingest Phloem Sap from the Peduncles of Lime Fruits

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