Biological Investigations of Dried Fruit of <i>Solanum nigrum</i> Linn.

Abstract

The ethanolic extract of the dried fruit of Solanum nigrum Linn. (Family: Solanaceae) was assessed for its possible analgesic, antidiarrhoeal, antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. Phytochemical screening of the ethanolic extract revealed the presence of carbohydrate, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, glycosides, and gums. In acetic acid induced writhing in mice, the ethanolic extract (250 and 500mg/kg) exhibited significant (p<0.05 & p<0.01) inhibition of writhing reflex 51.39% and 66.67% respectively compared to standard diclofenac sodium. The fruit extract showed a significant (P<0.01 and P<0.001) antidiarrhoeal activity against castor oil induce diarrhoea in mice in which it decreased the frequency of defecation and increased the mean latent period at the dose of 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg body weight. The ethanolic extract showed moderate antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In the qualitative antioxidant assay using DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) the extract showed free radical scavenging properties. In the brine shrimp lethality test, the extract showed cytotoxicity significantly with LC50= 63.10µg/ml and LC90= 160µg/ml. All the results tend to justify the traditional uses of the plant and require further investigation to identify the chemicals responsible for these effects.

<i>In vitro</i> anti-radical activities of extracts of <i>Solanum nigrum</i> (L.) from South Africa

“…The phenolics and flavonoids contents of the various extracts of S. nigrum could have interrupted the ABTS radical chain of oxidation by donating hydrogen and forming stable free radicals, which do not initiate or propagate further oxidation of lipids. The observed ABTS scavenging activity of the extracts conforms to previous report on antioxidant activity of the plant (Karmakar et al, 2010). Antioxidant activity of extracts of Solanum nigrum against nitric oxide radicals: The ethanol extracts of berry, leaf, stem and root of S. nigrum exhibited significantly high scavenging activities against nitric oxide radicals compared with the standards, and water extracts (Fig.…”

“…The medicinal use of S. nigrum probably goes back more than 2000 years (Mohy-ud-dint et al, 2010). The plant is used traditionally as diuretic, tonic, antidiarrhoea, antimalaria, and in the treatment of eye, heart and skin diseases (Karmakar et al, 2010). This study investigated the phytochemical contents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of extracts of berry, leaf, stem and root of S. nigrum, to provide further information on its therapeutic potential in the management of infectious and chronic diseases.…”

Effect of Solanum nigrum Linn on Acute and Sub-Acute Models of Inflammation

“…6 Literature reveals the fruit extract of the plant has been evaluated for anti-oxidant and anti-hyperlipedemic activity which was found to be significant. 7 The ethanolic extract of the dried fruit has been evaluated for anti-diarroheal, anti-hyperlipedemic, antioxidant, analgesic and cytotoxic activity 8,9 The literature review claims the plant to effective on various chronic inflammatory conditions however the whole plant has been previously evaluated only for its activity on acute inflammation 10 similarly isolated compounds from the extract of the plant have been studied in-vitro for its effect on LTC 4. 11 The present study has been designed to evaluate the effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of the whole plant of Solanum nigrum in-vivo on both acute as well as sub-acute phases of inflammation and effect of the extract on different vital organs was evaluated using histopathological studies.…”

Phytoconstituents, bioactivity and antioxidant potential of some commercial brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) cultivars of Bangladesh

“…2). Dried fruit extract of Solanum nigrum have been reported to show cytotoxicity with LC 50 value of 63.10 μg/ml following brine shrimp lethality test (Karmakar et al, 2010). According to Bello et al (2005) saponins and tannins have been reported to exhibit cytotoxic effects and growth inhibition making them suitable as tumor inhibiting agents.…”