Background: In recent years, a large number of natural compounds have been identified and proved to have a potential cancer chemopreventive importance due to their strong antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Objective: The present study is designed to investigate the preventive effects of Rutin against N-Nitrosodiethylamine-induced and Phenobarbital-promoted Hepatocellular carcinoma in male wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four male wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=6). Group I serve as Control, Group II was induced HCC by DEN (200mg/kg b.wt) followed by phenobarbital (0.05 % w/v), Group III received same as Group II and followed by Rutin (50mg/kg b.wt) and Group IV received Rutin alone at a dose of 50mg/kg b.wt, up to 16 successive weeks. Results: Results observed that there is significant increase in relative liver weight and liver marker enzymes (P<0.001), tumor marker enzymes (AFP, CEA at P<0.001) and also Significant abnormalities were observed in membrane bound enzymes and Electrolytes, whereas the above said alterations were significantly restored in Rutin treated group compared with DEN treated Group. Conclusion: The results of these findings suggested that Rutin can be used as an adjunct to conventional chemopreventive agent, which may provide a novel therapeutic approach to serve as a promising agent for treatment of Hepatocellular carcinoma.
Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate effect of hydroalcoholic extract of V.trifolia Linn for anti-inflammatory activity. Methodology: Wistar rats weighing 150-200 g were used divided into four groups which were treated with the plant extracts and with indomethacin as standard drug. Acute inflammation was produced by injecting 0.1 mL of 1% homogenized carrageenan suspension in normal saline to the left hind paw of the rats. Paw volume measured using a digital plethysmometer. Sub-acute antiinflammatory studies were carried out by subcutaneous implantation of weighed pellets of compressed cotton and gross pith. Hematological and histological studies were also conducted. Results: The extract at both the doses has effectively suppressed carrageenan induced inflammation. Similarly less wet exudate formation is seen at higher dose suggesting inhibitory effect of the compounds on vascular permeability and controlled formation of dry exudate indicative of the effect on proliferative phase. Hematological parameters, lymphocyte count at both the doses and histological studies of the granuloma tissue were also performed revealing decrease in levels of macrophages, mast cells and other inflammatory mediators in groups treated with the extract as compared to animals treated in control group. Conclusion: The results suggest that the ethanolic extract of Vitex trifolia shows anti-inflammatory activity on both acute and sub-acute stages of inflammation.
Objective: The aim of the study was to see the effect of ethanolic extract of Solanum nigrum Linn on Acute and Sub-acute inflammation. Method: Wistar rats weighing 150-200gms were used, divided into four groups Group 1 was control group, two groups Group 2 and 3 treated with the plant extracts at 100 & 200 mg/kg b.w and Group 4 treated with indomethacin, 10 mg/kg b.w. Acute inflammation was induced by injecting 0.1 mL of 1% homogenized carrageenan suspension in normal saline to the right hind paw of the rats prior to which drug treatment was given and paw volume was measured using a digital plethysmometer. Sub-acute anti-inflammatory studies were carried out as described by winter and Porter and hematological parameters were estimated. The granuloma tissue formed during the proliferative process was isolated and wet and dry exudates formation was estimated in various treatment groups. The effect of extract and indomethacin on vital organs like liver, kidney, stomach was also studied by performing histological studies. Results: Study shows that the hydroalcoholic extract of whole plant of Solanum nigrum L. is effective only at higher dose effectively suppressing carrageenan induced inflammation suggesting the inhibition of release of prostaglandin, bradykinin, leukotrienes and polymorphonuclear cells. The histological studies further confirm the anti-inflammatory property of the extract while simultaneously maintaining normal cellular architecture of vital organs than as compared to indomethacin treated group. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of whole plant of Solanum nigrum Linn shows promising anti-inflammatory activity on both acute and sub-acute stages of inflammation.Key words: Acute Inflammation, Sub-acute Inflammation, Anti-inflammatory activity, Solanum nigrum, Hematological parameters, Histological studies.Key Message: Inflammation is a typical reaction which gets triggered due to external influences. Solanum nigrum is a weed which is commonly found throughout the country and which has been claimed traditionally for its use as anti-diarroheal, analgesic and anti-hyperlipedemic. This study mainly involves in-vivo effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of the whole plant on acute inflammation induced using carrageenan and sub-acute inflammation induced using cotton pellet. The plant has elicited significant anti-inflammatory activity on acute as well as sub-acute stages of inflammation decreasing the paw volume and controlling the secretion of proinflammatory mediators. Evaluating the plant further for its effects on biochemical biomarkers and its chemical profiling is required and is in process This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.Aryaa and Viswanathswamy: Effect of S.nigrum on stages of inflammation
A novel series of methyl-2-(substituted benzylideneamino)-3-phenyl propionate (2a-j) derivatives have been synthesized. The title compounds (2a-j) were screened for in vivo acute anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities at a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w. Compound 2e exhibited the most promising and significant anti-inflammatory profile while compounds 2b, 2h, 2i, and 2j showed moderate to good inhibitory activity at 2nd and 4th h, respectively. These compounds were also found to have considerable analgesic activity (acetic acid-induced writhing model) and antipyretic activity (yeast-induced pyrexia model). In addition, the tested compounds were also found to possess less degree of ulcerogenic potential as compared to the standard NSAIDs. The synthesized compounds were further evaluated for their inhibitory activity against cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX-1/COX-2), by in vitro colorimetric COX (ovine) inhibitor screening assay method. The results revealed that the compounds 2b, 2e, 2h, 2i, and 2j exhibited selective and effective inhibition against COX-2. In an attempt to understand the ligand-protein interactions in terms of their binding affinity, docking studies were also performed using Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD-2013, 6.0) for the title compounds. It was observed that the binding affinities calculated were in agreement with the experimental IC 50 values.
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