Biological implications of the immune factors in the tumour microenvironment of oral cancer

Shetty, Smitha Sammith; Padam, Kanaka Sai Ram; Hunter, Keith D.; Kudva, Adarsh; Radhakrishnan, Raghu

doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105294

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…Meanwhile, bacterial shifts in the oral microbiome modulate viral proliferation and infection [30]. The interplay of these microbiological factors, a tumor, and the host immune system is complex [31][32][33]. Figure generated using BioRender.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

It Takes Two to Tango: A Review of Oncogenic Virus and Host Microbiome Associated Inflammation in Head and Neck Cancer

McKeon

Gallant

Kim

et al. 2022

Cancers

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While the two primary risk factors for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are alcohol and tobacco, viruses account for an important and significant upward trend in HNSCC incidence. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the causative agent for a subset of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC)—a cancer that is impacting a rapidly growing group of typically middle-aged non-smoking white males. While HPV is a ubiquitously present (with about 1% of the population having high-risk oral HPV infection at any one time), less than 1% of those infected with high-risk strains develop OPSCC—suggesting that additional cofactors or coinfections may be required. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a similarly ubiquitous virus that is strongly linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Both of these viruses cause cellular transformation and chronic inflammation. While dysbiosis of the human microbiome has been associated with similar chronic inflammation and the pathogenesis of mucosal diseases (including OPSCC and NPC), a significant knowledge gap remains in understanding the role of bacterial-viral interactions in the initiation, development, and progression of head and neck cancers. In this review, we utilize the known associations of HPV with OPSCC and EBV with NPC to investigate these interactions. We thoroughly review the literature and highlight how perturbations of the pharyngeal microbiome may impact host-microbiome-tumor-viral interactions—leading to tumor growth.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

It Takes Two to Tango: A Review of Oncogenic Virus and Host Microbiome Associated Inflammation in Head and Neck Cancer

McKeon

Gallant

Kim

et al. 2022

Cancers

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show abstract

“…Meanwhile, bacterial shifts in the oral microbiome modulate viral proliferation and infection [165]. The interplay of these microbiological factors, a tumor, and the host immune system is complex [166][167][168]. Figure generated using BioRender.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

It Takes Two to Tango; A Review of Oncogenic Virus and Host Microbiome Associated Inflammation on Head and Neck Cancer

McKeon¹,

Gallant²,

Kim³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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While the two primary risk factors for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are alcohol and tobacco, viruses account for an important and significant upward trend in HNSCC incidence. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the causative agent for a subset of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC)—a cancer that is impacting a rapidly growing group of typically middle-aged non-smoking white males. While HPV is a ubiquitously present virus (with about 7% of the population having oral HPV infection at any one time), only 1% of those infected develop OPSCC— suggesting that additional cofactors or coinfections may be required. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a similarly ubiquitous virus that is strongly linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Both of these viruses cause cellular transformation and chronic inflammation. While dysbiosis of the human microbiome has been associated with similar chronic inflammation and the pathogenesis of mucosal diseases (including OPSCC and NPC), a significant knowledge gap remains in understanding the role of bacterial-viral interactions in the initiation, development, and progression of head and neck cancers. In this review, we utilize the known associations of HPV with OPSCC and EBV with NPC to investigate these interactions. We thoroughly review the literature and highlight how perturbations of the pharyngeal microbiome may impact host-microbiome-tumor-viral interactions—leading to tumor growth.

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Development of flow cytometry analysis on measuring tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) in mice bearing EMT6 tumour model

Ibahim

Hasani

Sham

et al. 2022

APJMBB

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We presented a flow cytometry protocol to isolate and measure the cellular component of tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) of mice bearing breast cancer models. The immune cells infiltrating the tumour microenvironment (TME) have been getting more attention as the determination of their pro- or/and anti-tumorigenic activity contributes to cancer treatment success. In addition, our group has a strong interest to investigate the infiltration of eosinophils within the TME as their tumorigenic role is still unclear. This study aims to measure the immune cells infiltrating the TME, including eosinophils using flow cytometry with 6-colour detection. The single-cell suspensions derived from tumour sections of mice bearing EMT6 tumour model were harvested (n=4) and treated with CD45, Siglec-F, I-A/I-E, CD 11b, and Ly6G antibodies. A gating protocol was used based on the reported publications. Results showed that immune cells in the tumour section were detected by positive staining to CD45. Neutrophils were isolated based on Ly6G+, while the remaining granulocytes, such as macrophage and dendritic cells (DC), were isolated based on I-A/I-E+SCChi, and eosinophils on the positive expression of Siglec F. Overall, our tumour model presented with the highest percentage of neutrophils (63.05 ± 5.61%), while eosinophils constitute 1.64 ± 0.75% of the total population. In conclusion, our flow cytometric protocol with 6 colour detection are able to isolate and measure several immune cells within the TME, including eosinophils from the tumour section.

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Biological implications of the immune factors in the tumour microenvironment of oral cancer

Cited by 3 publications

References 126 publications

It Takes Two to Tango: A Review of Oncogenic Virus and Host Microbiome Associated Inflammation in Head and Neck Cancer

It Takes Two to Tango: A Review of Oncogenic Virus and Host Microbiome Associated Inflammation in Head and Neck Cancer

It Takes Two to Tango; A Review of Oncogenic Virus and Host Microbiome Associated Inflammation on Head and Neck Cancer

Development of flow cytometry analysis on measuring tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) in mice bearing EMT6 tumour model

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