Considering, oral submucous fibrosis as an overhealing wound explains both pathogenesis and malignant transformation. Certainly, abnormalities in coagulation and fibrinolytic system are a common denominator in the profibrotic milieu and associated malignancy.

Summary Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical process that occurs during the embryonic development, wound healing, organ fibrosis and the onset of malignancy. Emerging evidence suggests that the EMT is involved in the invasion and metastasis of cancers. The inflammatory reaction antecedent to fibrosis in the onset of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and the role of EMT in its malignant transformation indicates a hitherto unexplored involvement of EMT. This review focuses on the role of EMT markers which are regulators of the EMT mediated complex network of molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of OSF and OSCC. Further the gene enrichment analysis and pathway analysis supports the association of the upregulated and downregulated genes in various EMT regulating pathways.

HIV/AIDS prevention campaigns in India should focus on public education, stigma reduction, promotion of condom use, and risk-reduction behaviors in urban and rural communities targeted toward young adults.

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Angiomatosis is a diffuse vascular lesion which involves a large segment of the body in a contiguous fashion involving multiple tissues (e.g. subcutis, muscle, bone, adipose tissue etc.) in different planes. Such lesions usually present in the first two decades of life with female predilection and are commonly seen in lower extremities. It clinically mimics hemangioma or vascular malformation and its surgical removal is difficult because of its infiltrative nature and thus has high recurrence rate (90%). Therefore a precise histopathological diagnosis of angiomatosis is important to achieve a curative resection. Histopathologically it consists of proliferating blood vessels of varying caliber, infiltrating into the soft tissues. Proliferating capillaries are seen within or adjacent to major vessels. Few cases are reported in head and neck region. This article highlights three unusual cases of angiomatosis reported as benign lesions, in rare sites such as the malar region (predominantly infiltrating the adipose tissue), within the masseter (predominantly infiltrating the muscle) and in the mandible (infiltrating the bone). Histopathological differential diagnosis is also discussed.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in students and to evaluate if any relationship existed between the stress levels, salivary cortisol levels, and TMD. Material and Methods: A total of 348 students, 187 female, and 161 male students, participated in this cross-sectional study. Students were evaluated based on the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD. The stress levels were evaluated using the Perceived Stress Scale. The students were divided into the control and TMD groups. Salivary cortisol levels in the salivary samples were analyzed. Results: The prevalence rate of TMDs was 30.7% in the study population. Of the female students, 61% had TMD compared with 46% of male students. Muscle disorders were the most predominant disorder in 14.2% of the students with TMD. The TMD group showed significantly higher salivary cortisol and stress levels than the control group. The TMD group also showed a moderate positive correlation between cortisol and stress levels (p=0.01). Conclusion:The study showed a strong association between salivary cortisol levels, stress, and temporomandibular disorders. Salivary cortisol could be used as a prognostic biomarker for stress while assessing the severity of TMJ problems in stressed individuals.

The aim is to alert the clinicians to include this entity although extremely rare, in the differential diagnosis of swellings in the maxillofacial region and to highlight another remarkable aspect in the multitude of presentations associated with primary hyperparathyroidism especially in the setting of normocalcemia.

A total of 137 students from year 1 and 2, Faculty of Dentistry, MMMC, Manipal University, Manipal, India participated in the study. A questionnaire by Gurung R.A.R [3] was modified and used. The questionnaire was administered after explaining the aim of the study to the students and gaining their consent. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Study skills are important for better academic performance. Our study provides the view of the various skills of studying adopted by the dental students and its association with their performance in the Oral Biology subject in university examination. Material and Methods: A total of 137 students from Faculty of Dentistry, MMMC, Manipal, India participated in the study. A questionnaire consisting of 23 items assessing the study skills and distractions. The responses from the students were recorded on a 5-point Likert scale and the data were analyzed using the chi-square test. Results: The response rate was 100%. A significant association (P < 0.05) between the students' performance in the subject of Oral Biology in university examination (average of >75% versus <75% marks) and study skills was seen in 6 of 23 questionnaires. The students with high exam scores often showed higher percentage of use of various study skills compared to the students with lower exam scores. Conclusion: The study techniques used by students are beneficial but not all are effective. Hence the students should be informed of the more effective method of studying.