Biological Efficacy Comparison of Natural Tussah Silk and Mulberry Silk Nanofiber Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration

Abstract

Biopolymer nanofiber membranes are attracting interest as promising biomaterial scaffolds with a remarkable range of structural and functional performances for guided bone regeneration (GBR). In this study, tussah silk nanofiber (TSn) and Bombyx mori silk nanofiber (BSn) membranes were prepared by physical shearing. The diameters of the TSn and BSn membranes were 146.09 ± 63.56 and 120.99 ± 91.32 nm, respectively. TSn showed a Young’s modulus of 3.61 ± 0.64 GPa and a tensile strength of 74.27 ± 5.19 MPa, which were superior to those of BSn, with a Young’s modulus of 0.16 ± 0.03 GPa and a tensile strength of 4.86 ± 0.61 MPa. The potential of TSn and BSn membranes to guide bone regeneration was explored. In vitro, the TSn membrane exhibited significantly higher cell proliferation for MC3T3-E1 cells than the BSn membrane. In a cranial bone defect in a rat model, the TSn and BSn membranes displayed superior bone regeneration compared to the control because the membrane prevented the ingrowth of soft tissue to the defective area. Compared to the BSn membrane, the TSn membrane improved damaged bone regeneration, presumably due to its superior mechanical properties, high osteoconductivity, and increased cell proliferation. The TSn membrane has a bionic structure, excellent mechanical properties, and greater biocompatibility, making it an ideal candidate for GBR.

A comparative in vitro and in vivo study of porcine‐ and bovine‐derived non‐cross‐linked collagen membranes

“…Synthetic absorbable polymers including members of aliphatic polyesters and their copolymers have been used as GBR membranes, including poly lactic acid and poly lactic‐co‐glycolic acid 11,12,13 . Other synthetic hybrid absorbable polymer membranes constituted of nanofibers with or without enhancement have also been reported in GBR research 14 …”

“…11,12,13 Other synthetic hybrid absorbable polymer membranes constituted of nanofibers with or without enhancement have also been reported in GBR research. 14 Of all the natural originated absorbable polymers, collagen has been extensively used in GBR due to its good biocompatibility. [15][16][17] Collagens might also promote wound healing and bone regeneration.…”

Resorbable Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration: Critical Features, Potentials, and Limitations

“…Natural resorbable barrier membranes are biological materials designed to be used in medical procedures and dissolve or break down over time in the body. They are made from natural materials such as collagen, gelatin (which is derived from collagen), chitosan, silk, etc 38 and are used in a variety of applications, including in wound healing, in tissue engineering, and as a barrier in GBR procedures, to separate the bone defect from the surrounding soft tissue and promote bone formation ( Figure 3 ). 39 …”

Barrier membranes for periodontal guided bone regeneration: a potential therapeutic strategy

“…Poor mechanical properties and fast degradation rate are the main reasons for the failure of natural polymer resorbable membranes. Therefore, the improvement methods have been explored and made effective progress in several studies (Luo et al, 2021;Chen et al, 2022). formation, with the mechanical loading affecting the regeneration process and different stress distribution supporting or inhibiting differentiation of particular tissue phenotypes.…”

“…Sufficient mechanical strength and stability are the key factors for the effective induction of bone regeneration by GBR membranes (Wessing et al, 2018;Shahdad et al, 2020). The evaluation of mechanical properties includes many aspects, and tensile tests are often used as the first method to obtain information about the mechanical properties of membranes (Zhou et al, 2021;Chen et al, 2022). The tensile strength of pure PCL membrane was 1.63 ± 0.67 MPa.…”