Biological effects of high copper and zinc concentrations and their interaction in rapeseed plants

Influence of boron on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

“…Similar findings were reported by Mirshekari (2012) and Cokkizgin (2013), who observed a restricted, seedling vigor index of dill and Phaseolus vulgaris at high level of boron concentrations, respectively. Ivanova et al, (2010) also reported a decrease in rapeseed seedling vigor indices with increasing micronutrient concentrations. Boron showed a significant effect (p<0.05) on shoot and root phytotoxicity (Figure 3).…”

The effect of excess copper on growth and physiology of important food crops: a review

“…For examples, in wheat seedlings, lipid peroxidation (as measured by malondialdehyde (MDA)) and electrical conductivity (EC) significantly increased with increasing Cu levels in nutrient solution (Azooz et al 2012). Similarly, excess Cu reduced MDA and H 2 O 2 levels in maize (Aly and Mohamed 2012), rapeseed (Ivanova et al 2010), cucumber (Işeri et al 2011) and H 2 O 2 in rice (Chen et al 2000) and maize (Kumar et al 2008). Moreover, excess Cu (75 μM) stimulated lipid peroxidation, measured as thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) and electrolyte leakage (EL) in wheat (Gajewska and Sklodowska 2010) and cabbage (Posmyk et al 2009), MDA and EL in maize (Dresler et al 2014) and MDA in maize plants (Sanchez-Pardo et al 2014).…”

“…In Indian mustard and rapeseed, higher Cu concentration (25 and 50 μM) in the nutrient solution reduced the concentrations of Zn, Fe, Mn and Co, while Cu concentrations significantly increased in shoots and roots . High Cu (150 μM CuSO 4 ) concentration reduced Zn uptake by the roots of rapeseed (Ivanova et al 2010). Recent research in hydroponic design indicated that concentrations of Fe and Mn reduced in 14-day-old Indian mustard and rapeseed plants when plants were exposed to increasing Cu levels (Feigl et al 2015).…”

“…Toxic effects of Cu in plants can be observed by reduced yield, poor seed germination, stunted leaf and root growth, and ultrastructural and anatomical alterations leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To scavenge ROS production, plants have antioxidant mechanisms which include enzymatic antioxidants such as catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) as well as non-enzymatic molecular antioxidants such as ascorbic acid (ASC), thereby preventing oxidative damage (Kumar et al 2008;Ivanova et al 2010;Azooz et al 2012). The uptake of other essential nutrients is also altered due to Cu toxicity in plants.…”

Effect of the synthetic growth regulator Cytodef and heavy metals on oxidative status in cucumber plants

“…These parameters, selected in pre liminary experiments, provided the most stable staining. Immediately after incubation, the optical density (absor bance) of adrenochrome formed in the reaction was measured against the water homogenate with an SF 46 spectrophotometer (LOMO, Russia) at 480 nm [16]. The rate of generation was calculated by using the molar extinction coefficient ε = 4020/(M cm).…”