Biological Approaches for Extraction of Bioactive Compounds From Agro-industrial By-products: A Review

Abstract

Bioactive compounds can provide health benefits beyond the nutritional value and are originally present or added to food matrices. However, because they are part of the food matrices, most bioactive compounds remain in agroindustrial by-products. Agro-industrial by-products are generated in large quantities throughout the food production chain and can—when not properly treated—affect the environment, the profit, and the proper and nutritional distribution of food to people. Thus, it is important to adopt processes that increase the use of these agroindustrial by-products, including biological approaches, which can enhance the extraction and obtention of bioactive compounds, which enables their application in food and pharmaceutical industries. Biological processes have several advantages compared to nonbiological processes, including the provision of extracts with high quality and bioactivity, as well as extracts that present low toxicity and environmental impact. Among biological approaches, extraction from enzymes and fermentation stand out as tools for obtaining bioactive compounds from various agro-industrial wastes. In this sense, this article provides an overview of the main bioactive components found in agroindustrial by-products and the biological strategies for their extraction. We also provide information to enhance the use of these bioactive compounds, especially for the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Secretion of collagenases by Saccharomyces cerevisiae for collagen degradation

“…Enzymatic processing is an important way to extract bioactive compounds from these by-products. Compared with chemical processes involving extreme conditions (high temperatures, high pressure, corrosive chemicals), enzymatic hydrolysis under mild condition provides a more acceptable way to obtain high-quality bioactive extracts with low toxicity and a low environmental impact [ 3 ]. The by-products of livestock, poultry and aquaculture usually contain a large amount of collagen.…”

From Bioactive Molecules to Their Nutritional Effect, Biodynamic Interpretation Between Productional and Functional Aspects of Nutrients

“…There are many extraction methods currently available. The various extraction techniques depend on the starting material and the type of extracts to be obtained, and Figure 1 represents only the main extraction methods [9,10].…”

A Temporal Evolution Perspective of Lipase Production by Yarrowia lipolytica in Solid-State Fermentation

“…Another advantage is related to the fact that in SSF, agro-industrial wastes and byproducts can be utilized as a nutritional source for microorganism species to obtain the lipase enzyme. The choice of substrate will depend on the nutritional needs of the microbial species to produce the target compound [93]. Among the substrates used for the production of lipase, stand out cottonseed cake [80], soybean bran, sugarcane bagasse [94], wheat bran, spent barley [95], olive mill waste [81], by-products from corn oil refining [96] and others reported in the literature efficiently used individually or supplemented with other nutritional components.…”

“…Among the substrates used for the production of lipase, stand out cottonseed cake [80], soybean bran, sugarcane bagasse [94], wheat bran, spent barley [95], olive mill waste [81], by-products from corn oil refining [96] and others reported in the literature efficiently used individually or supplemented with other nutritional components. In addition to solving an environmental problem, through the alternative use instead of improper disposal, the use of agroindustrial wastes and byproducts allows the reduction of the costs of the biotechnological process since they are abundant and have a low cost [93,97,98].…”