Abstract:Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a biologia e a tabela de vida de fertilidade do pulgão-preto da videira [Aphis illinoisensis (Hemiptera: Aphididae)], em mudas das cultivares de Vitis labrusca Bordô, e de V. vinifera Cabernet Franc, Itália e Moscato Bianco. O experimento foi conduzido em 50 minigaiolas de confinamento, com um inseto em cada gaiola por tratamento, fixadas em mudas de videira mantidas em câmara de crescimento do tipo fitotron (a 25±1°C, umidade relativa de 75±10% e fotófase de 14 ho… Show more
“…The methodology for monitoring the biology of T. urticae was adapted from Baronio et al (2014). Mini cages formed by foam were used, xed on paper of grammage 120, sealed with fabric type "voile", containing a circular hole of 2.5 cm in diameter (Fig.…”
This study evaluated the influence of exogenous application of salicylic acid in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Fepagro26 and Garapiá cultivars on the biology and chemotaxis response of T. urticae and, N. californicus. The experiments were carried out in an acclimatized room at 25±ºC, UR 70 ± 10% and photophase for 16 hours. To verify the doses of AS in contrast to oviposition of T. urticae, three females of the mite were placed per plant/cage after 48 hours of application of the treatments: leaf with water, leaf with water + 1% alcohol, leaf with water + 5% alcohol, 0.5mM, 1mM and 2.5mM salicylic acid. Oviposition was monitored daily for 96 hours and the results were submitted to factorial ANOVA. Both cultivars showed interaction between AS doses and number of T. urticae eggs. The regression analysis between AS doses and number of eggs showed a correlation only for Garapiá (R2 = 99.54). The attractiveness of T.urticae was verified in a dual-choice olfactometer (Y), where the phytophage was attracted by the combination of the cultivar Garapiá and application of a 0.5 mM dose of AS (p < 0.01). For N. californicus, the attractiveness was also verified in a dual-choice olfactometer (Y), where only volatiles from cv. Fepagro26 plus the presence of T. urticae (48h after infestation) triggered responsive chemotaxis behavior. These results suggest that AS can be a promising tool in the integrated pest management of this phytophagous, but in the studied cultivars it influenced the chemotaxis orientation of the predator.
“…The methodology for monitoring the biology of T. urticae was adapted from Baronio et al (2014). Mini cages formed by foam were used, xed on paper of grammage 120, sealed with fabric type "voile", containing a circular hole of 2.5 cm in diameter (Fig.…”
This study evaluated the influence of exogenous application of salicylic acid in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Fepagro26 and Garapiá cultivars on the biology and chemotaxis response of T. urticae and, N. californicus. The experiments were carried out in an acclimatized room at 25±ºC, UR 70 ± 10% and photophase for 16 hours. To verify the doses of AS in contrast to oviposition of T. urticae, three females of the mite were placed per plant/cage after 48 hours of application of the treatments: leaf with water, leaf with water + 1% alcohol, leaf with water + 5% alcohol, 0.5mM, 1mM and 2.5mM salicylic acid. Oviposition was monitored daily for 96 hours and the results were submitted to factorial ANOVA. Both cultivars showed interaction between AS doses and number of T. urticae eggs. The regression analysis between AS doses and number of eggs showed a correlation only for Garapiá (R2 = 99.54). The attractiveness of T.urticae was verified in a dual-choice olfactometer (Y), where the phytophage was attracted by the combination of the cultivar Garapiá and application of a 0.5 mM dose of AS (p < 0.01). For N. californicus, the attractiveness was also verified in a dual-choice olfactometer (Y), where only volatiles from cv. Fepagro26 plus the presence of T. urticae (48h after infestation) triggered responsive chemotaxis behavior. These results suggest that AS can be a promising tool in the integrated pest management of this phytophagous, but in the studied cultivars it influenced the chemotaxis orientation of the predator.
“…The feeding insects retard plant growth and shoot formation, and cause leafroll in new leaves; when they reach high levels, the aphids can be found in clusters, causing the berries to drop (Baker, 1917). In Brazil, A. illinoisensis reached harmful levels for grapevine culture only recently (Baronio et al, 2014), and this has made it necessary to apply insecticides for pest control, especially when the attack occurs when the plants are producing shoots and soon after flowering, or if the insect is damaging the clusters (Zaaqiq, 2007). However, no information is available about the effect of insecticides in controlling this pest in Brazil (Agrofit, 2014).…”
High infestations by the grapevine aphid Aphis illinoisensis (Hemiptera: Aphididae) have been observed in vineyards in southern Brazil, retarding plant growth and causing premature berry drop. This study evaluated the effect of insecticides on the control of the species in two experiments carried out in a greenhouse. The first control experiment for A. illinoisensis was conducted with seedlings of Vitis vinifera var. 'Cabernet Franc' to assess the effect of azadirachtin (Azamax ®) at dosages of 2.4 and 3.6 mL a.i. (active ingredient)/100 L of water, with reapplication seven days after the first application (DAFA). To compare its effect, the neonicotinoids imidacloprid (Provado 200 SC ®) and thiamethoxam (Actara 250 WG ®) were sprayed at dosages of 8 mL or g a.i./100 L of water in foliar application without reapplication. The second experiment compared the effect on A. illinoisensis by spraying these neonicotinoids at dosages of 8 mL or g a.i./100 L in foliar applications and of 0.05 mL or g a.i./100 L applied in the soil. Evaluations were performed at 0, 1, 5, 7, 10 and 14 DAFA. Imidacloprid and thiamethoxam effectively controlled A. illinoisensis in both forms of application [soil and foliar], while azadirachtin at the dosage of 3.6 ml a.i./100 L reapplied seven days after the first application provided 55.7% control. In conclusion, A. illinoisensis can be controlled effectively by employing neonicotinoids in the soil, while azadirachtin can be an alternative to reduce infestation pressure.
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