Bioled coffee increases serum low density lipoprotein concentration

Aro, Antti; Tuomilehto, Jaakko; Kostiainen, Ella; Uusitalo, Ulla; Pietinen, Pirjo

doi:10.1016/0026-0495(87)90021-7

Cited by 103 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Boiled coffee has a higher concentration of coffee oils because of the higher temperatures used during its preparation and the longer contact time between the coffee grounds and water. 15 Filtration of coffee through a paper filter can remove the most of coffee oils from the coffee extract. 29 Coffee oils, including cafestol and kahweol, increase the synthesis of cholesterol by decreasing excretion of bile acids and neutral sterols.…”

Section: Effect Of Coffee Consumption On Serum Lipids L Cai Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical trials used various intake levels of coffee consumption with varying type of coffee and different protocols. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Metaanalysis is a statistical technique in which results of separate studies are combined to increase statistical power, clarify results and more accurately estimate the size of treatment effects. To more precisely evaluate the effects of coffee intake on serum lipids and to clarify the active factors of coffee, we performed a meta-analysis of 12-RCTs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of coffee consumption on serum lipids: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

et al. 2012

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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Numbers of epidemiological studies assessing coffee consumption and serum lipids have yielded inconsistent results. We aimed to evaluate the effects of coffee intake on serum lipids. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We searched several English and Chinese electronic databases up to September 2011 for randomized controlled trials of coffee on serum lipids. Weighted mean effect size was calculated for net changes in serum lipids by using random-effect models or fixed-effect models. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted to explore possible explanations for heterogeneity among trials. RESULTS: Twelve studies conducted in Western countries with a total of 1017 subjects were identified. Meta-analyses showed, on average, drinking coffee for 45 days was associated with an increase of 8.1 mg/dl (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.5, 11.6; Po0.001) for total cholesterol (TC), 5.4 mg/dl (95% CI: 1.4, 9.5; P ¼ 0.009) for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and 12.6 mg/dl (95% CI: 3.5, 12.6; P ¼ 0.007) for triglyceride (TG). The increase in TC were greater in trials using unfiltered coffee and caffeinated coffee as the treatment group. Those who had hyperlipidemia were more sensitive to the cholesterol-raising effect of coffee. Meta-regression analysis revealed a positive dose-response relation between coffee intake and TC, LDL-C and TG. CONCLUSION: The intake of coffee especially unfiltered coffee is contributed significantly to the increase in TC, LDL-C and TG, and the changes were related to the level of intake. Studies of coffee intake on serum lipids in Asian populations should be performed. Keywords: coffee; caffeine; lipids; meta-analysis; randomized controlled trials INTRODUCTIONCoffee is one of the most commonly consumed beverages and even small health effects of coffee could have considerable public health consequences. Controversies regarding its risks and benefits still exist as substances in coffee may have either unfavorable or beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. 1 A large body of epidemiology studies, including recent studies, [2][3][4][5] examining the association between coffee consumption and serum lipids have yielded inconsistent results.A meta-analysis of nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published before December 1998 concluded that consumption of unfiltered, but not filtered, coffee increased serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). 6 However, this meta-analysis was only based on English-language literature and the authors failed to include two important RCTs, 7,8 which included 345 participants. In addition, the active factors such as caffeine and coffee oils, which were responsible for the plasma lipoprotein-increasing effect of coffee, were not determined.To determine the effect of caffeinated coffee and decaffeinated coffee consumption on plasma lipoprotein cholesterol levels in healthy men, Fried et al. 9 performed a RCT by three intervention coffee including 720 ml/day of caffeinated coffee, 360 ml/day o...

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Section: Effect Of Coffee Consumption On Serum Lipids L Cai Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of coffee consumption on serum lipids: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

et al. 2012

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“…Aro et al 15 showed in an experiment that eight cups per day of such 'boiled' coffee relative to filtered coffee increased serum cholesterol by 0.79mmol/L or 10%. Bak and Grobbee16 found that simply incubating the coffee grounds with water at 93°C before consumption produced the same effect.…”

Section: Coffee and Serum Cholesterolmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cholesterol-Raising Factor From Coffee Beans

1997

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▪ Abstract Some coffee brewing techniques raise the serum concentration of total and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol in humans, whereas others do not. The responsible factors are the diterpene lipids cafestol and kahweol, which make up about 1% (wt:wt) of coffee beans. Diterpenes are extracted by hot water but are retained by a paper filter. This explains why filtered coffee does not affect cholesterol, whereas Scandinavian “boiled,” cafetiere, and Turkish coffees do. We describe the identification of the cholesterol-raising factors, their effects on blood levels of lipids and liver function enzymes, and their impact on public health, based on papers published up to December 1996.

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“…They are responsible for the cholesterol-raising effect of Scandinavian boiled coffee (Weusten-van der Wouw et al, 1994;Heckers et al, 1994). Cafestol and kahweol strongly affect lipid metabolism with short-term intake (Bak & Grobbee, 1989;Aro et al, 1987;van Dusseldorp et al, 1991;Ahola et al, 1991;Aro et al, 1990;Urgert et al, 1996a) as well as in life-long consumers of un®ltered coffee (Bùnaa et al, 1988;Stensvold et al, 1989;Weusten-van der Wouw et al, 1994;Pietinen et al, 1990;Lindahl et al, 1991). We recently found that consumption of boiled coffee was also associated with Lp(a) levels; the median Lp(a) level in Norwegians who were life-long consumers of boiled coffee was 65% higher than in matched ®lter coffee drinkers (Urgert et al, 1996b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diterpenes from coffee beans decrease serum levels of lipoprotein(a) in humans: results from four randomised controlled trials

et al. 1997

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Objective: Un®ltered coffee raises serum LDL cholesterol in humans, owing to the presence of the diterpenes cafestol and kahweol. Norwegians with a chronic high intake of un®ltered coffee also had elevated serum levels of lipoprotein(a), an LDL-like particle which is insensitive toward dietary interventions. We now experimentally studied the in¯uence of coffee diterpenes on lipoprotein(a) levels. Design: Four randomised controlled trials. Subjects: Healthy, normolipidemic volunteers. Interventions: Coffee, coffee oil, and pure diterpenes for 4±24 weeks. Main outcome measures: The circulating level of lipoprotein(a). Results: In 22 subjects drinking ®ve to six strong cups of cafetiere coffee per day, the median fall in lipoprotein(a) was 1.5 mg/dL after two months (P 0.03), and 0.5 mg/dL after half a year (P b 0.05), relative to 24 ®lter coffee drinkers. Coffee oil doses equivalent to 10±20 cups of un®ltered coffee reduced lipoprotein(a) levels by up to 5.5 mg/dL (P`0.05) in two separate trials (n 12±16 per group). A puri®ed mixture of cafestol and kahweol, as well as cafestol alone, were also effective in reducing Lp(a) levels (n 10). Averaged over the four trials, each 10 mg/d of cafestol (plus kahweol)Ðthe amount present in two to three cups of cafetiere coffeeÐdecreased Lp(a) levels by 0.5 mg/dL or 4% from baseline values after four weeks (n 63). Conclusions: Coffee diterpenes are among the few dietary exceptions shown to in¯uence serum lipoprotein(a) levels. However, the Lp(a)-reducing potency of coffee diterpenes may subside in the long run, and their adverse side effects preclude their use as lipoprotein(a)-reducing agents.

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Bioled coffee increases serum low density lipoprotein concentration

Cited by 103 publications

References 22 publications

The effect of coffee consumption on serum lipids: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

The effect of coffee consumption on serum lipids: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

The Cholesterol-Raising Factor From Coffee Beans

Diterpenes from coffee beans decrease serum levels of lipoprotein(a) in humans: results from four randomised controlled trials

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