1997
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.17.1.305
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The Cholesterol-Raising Factor From Coffee Beans

Abstract: ▪ Abstract  Some coffee brewing techniques raise the serum concentration of total and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol in humans, whereas others do not. The responsible factors are the diterpene lipids cafestol and kahweol, which make up about 1% (wt:wt) of coffee beans. Diterpenes are extracted by hot water but are retained by a paper filter. This explains why filtered coffee does not affect cholesterol, whereas Scandinavian “boiled,” cafetiere, and Turkish coffees do. We describe the identification of the… Show more

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Cited by 211 publications
(134 citation statements)
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References 75 publications
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“…Cafestol, kahweol and 16-O-methyl cafestol (Figure 7.61) occur as fatty acyl esters and enter the brew when coffee is prepared by extended boiling and the beverage is not filtered through paper or a bed of coffee grounds (Speer and Kölling-Speer 2001). These substances are responsible for the observed reversible elevation of plasma LDL cholesterol seen in some populations, notably in Scandinavia and Italy (Urgert et al 1996Urgert and Katan 1997). Education and encouragement of alternative brewing procedures has seen a lowering of plasma LDL cholesterol in some Scandinavian populations.…”
Section: Coffeementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Cafestol, kahweol and 16-O-methyl cafestol (Figure 7.61) occur as fatty acyl esters and enter the brew when coffee is prepared by extended boiling and the beverage is not filtered through paper or a bed of coffee grounds (Speer and Kölling-Speer 2001). These substances are responsible for the observed reversible elevation of plasma LDL cholesterol seen in some populations, notably in Scandinavia and Italy (Urgert et al 1996Urgert and Katan 1997). Education and encouragement of alternative brewing procedures has seen a lowering of plasma LDL cholesterol in some Scandinavian populations.…”
Section: Coffeementioning
confidence: 99%
“…219 Foram identificados, na fracção lipídica do café, dois compostos químicos diterpénicos, o cafestol e o kahweol (Figura 4), com actividade hipercolesterolémica. 220 Durante a preparação do café fervido e não filtrado, a extracção de gotículas de gordura para a bebida é significativamente superior do que na preparação do café de filtro, em que as gotículas ficam retidas no pó e no papel de filtro. Consequentemente, o teor em diterpenos da bebida irá variar consoante o seu método de preparação.…”
Section: Café E Colesterol Séricounclassified
“…Em menor extensão, observou-se também um aumento das VLDL (lipoproteínas de muito baixa densidade) e uma ligeira diminuição do colesterol HDL (lipoproteínas de alta densidade). 220 Num estudo realizado em indivíduos de ambos os sexos, verificou-se um efeito hipercolesterolémico, após exposição ao cafestol, mais evidente em homens do que em mulheres. 223 O café fervido, ou escandinavo, e o café turco contêm níveis relativamente elevados de diterpenos (6-12 mg/chávena), enquanto que o café de filtro e o café solúvel apresentam teores da ordem dos 0,2-0,6 mg/chávena.…”
Section: Café E Colesterol Séricounclassified
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“…Similar conclusions have been drawn from studies of the relationship between coffee and cardiovascular disease, despite the fact that coffee causes elevated plasma levels of homocysteine. One exception is drinking boiled coffee without filtering that results in the consumption of cholesterol-raising diterpenes, which may cause increased heart disease (Ugert and Katan 1997). Further, high caffeine intake from coffee (500 mg/day) has been shown to cause 11% delay in time of conception in fertile European women (Bolumar et al 1997).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%