Bioinspired Multifunctional Black Phosphorus Hydrogel with Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties: A Stepwise Countermeasure for Diabetic Skin Wound Healing

Abstract

Cutaneous wound healing, especially diabetic wound healing, is a common clinical challenge. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and bacterial infection are two major detrimental states that induce oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and impede angiogenesis and wound healing. A derivative of the metabolite itaconate, 4-octyl itaconate (4OI) has attracted increasing research interest in recent years due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, 4OI-modified black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets are incorporated into a photosensitive, multifunctional gelatin methacrylamide hydrogel to produce a new photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) system with antibacterial and antioxidant properties for diabetic wound regeneration. Under laser irradiation, the 4OI-BP-entrapped hydrogel enables rapid gelation, forming a membrane on wounds, and offers high PTT and PDT efficacy to eliminate bacterial infection. Without laser irradiation, BP acts as a carrier and controls the release of 4OI, with which it synergistically enhances antioxidant activity, thus alleviating excessive ROS damage to endothelial cells, promoting neovascularization, and facilitating faster diabetic wound closure. These findings indicate that 4OI-BP-entrapped multifunctional hydrogel provides a stepwise countermeasure with antibacterial and antioxidant properties for enhanced diabetic wound healing and may lead to novel therapeutic interventions for diabetic ulcers.

Recent advances in engineered polymeric materials for efficient photodynamic inactivation of bacterial pathogens

“…Another study demonstrated that the lignin-CuS nanocomposites incorporated PVA hydrogel exhibit peroxidase-like performance and phototherapeutic actions [ 143 ]. In some formulations, the photothermal agents act as carriers and protect PSs excretion, ultimately enabling rapid wound closure via protecting endothelial and promoting neovascularization [ 144 ].…”

Stimuli-responsive therapeutic systems for the treatment of diabetic infected wounds

“…7B). 107 To endow BP nanosheets with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, 4-octyl itaconate (4OI) was modified onto the surface of BP nanosheets, and then 4OI functionalized black phosphorus was embedded into a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel for the management of diabetic wound infection. With the aid of a laser, the 4OI-BP gel precursor solution enabled fast gelation and formed a protective film on open wounds, and simultaneously exerted photodynamic/photothermal therapy to combat bacterial infection.…”

Antibacterial Designs for Implantable Medical Devices: Evolutions and Challenges

“…Unfortunately, many previous reports were at the stage of “ proof of concept ”; they did not conform strictly to a specific application. According to the papers we have screened, major flaws in our current reporting on developing antibacterial surfaces for implantable medical devices are ( Table 7 includes some typical examples [ 18 , 272 , 273 , 274 , 275 , 276 , 277 , 278 ]) (1) many reports are lack of comprehensive understanding of the requirements of a specific application or even have no clear indication of use (Cases 2, 3, 7, and 8 in Table 7 ); as a result, it is hard to ensure the effectiveness and safety of such designs because the incidence and pathogens of DAIs are site-specific [ 66 ] and the biocompatibility of biomaterials is referred to specific applications [ 279 ]. (2) Some reports choose testing assays that do not closely relate to the intended use.…”