Bioinformatics: Inflammatory Cytokines and Attenuation of Diabetes Hypercholesterolemia-Induced Renal Injury Using Morning Glory and Necklace Pod Extracts

Abstract

Objective: The present research in bioinformatics focuses on pharmacological effects of morning glory and necklace pod ethanolic extracts (MGE and NPE) on some biochemical parameters in high fat diet-induced hypercholesterolemia and streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia in rats.Methods: Compared to atorvastatin; an anti-hypercholesterolemic (HC) and glibenclamide; an antidiabetic drug. Endothelium activation markers of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Creatinine, urea, and inflammatory biomarkers; C-reactive protein (CRP) and pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-10 levels were also measured in serum of different therapeutic groups.Results: Significant decrease in ICAM-1 level with MGE and NPE supplemented to normal rats as compared to untreated control with percentages decrease 17.80 and 12.00% was observed. Insignificant change was detected in VCAM-1 level. Profound amelioration in CRP, total urea and creatinine levels by NPE treatment. Creatinine, urea, CRP, and TNF-α level were significantly increased in hyperglycemic (HG)-HC rats. However, IL-10 level showed a significant decrease. Meanwhile, histopathological investigation of the kidney and heart was carried out. Image recognition system for kidney and heart images was developed to diagnose their diseases. Tested extract attenuated creatinine, urea, CRP, and TNF-α level. Hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia linked kidney disorders were relieved. Conclusion:In vivo oral administration with each extract declared suppression of cytokines mediated inflammation, vascular function leading to infiltration reduction of renal macrophage together with lowering in kidney indices and ameliorate renal tissues architectures in HG-HC rats.

Neurorestorative Mulberries Potential of Alzheimer’s Disease in Animal Model

“…In AD group, the antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and CAT are decreased in their activities by oxidative stress as declared in the current results [4,32]. In our present study, the presence of polyphenols in M. rubra and M. alba with AChE inhibiting, antioxidant properties and/ or their effect on neuronal signal transduction and neuroinflammation may be attributed to the current reported data of the extract-treated group compared with the control [7,32,33].…”

Antioxidant and the Efficacy of Sophora secundiflora and Methoxyisoflavones in the Immune Function of Pigeons Vaccinated against Paramyxovirus Serotype-1

“…2,5 Isoprenylated flavonoids are a class of flavonoids with diverse structures and some of those showed antiviral and antioxidant bioactivities. 46 These compounds may inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, including NO in immune cells. These compounds possess strong antioxidant properties that enable them to scavenge free radicals, donate hydrogen, chelate metals, break radical chain reactions, and quenchsinglet oxygen in vitro and in vivo.…”

Therapeutic Impact of Berries (Morus Alba and Morus Rubra) Fruit Extract in the Regression of High-Fat Diet-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction in Rats

“…Experimental obesity has been induced by HFD, and the body weight gain is positively correlated with the content of dietary fat [18]. Moreover, obesity may be developed in many species of rodent connected with different metabolic syndrome, including glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia [19].…”

“…Moreover, obesity may be developed in many species of rodent connected with different metabolic syndrome, including glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia [19]. The cause why a HFD induced the inhibition in the incidence of diabetes is considered to be plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) elevation levels in the rats with HF; GLP-1 is the major intestinal hormone secreted in response to ingestion of nutrient, and it not only stimulates insulin secretion but also inhibits gastric emptying, food intake, and glucagon secretion [18].…”