Biohybrid robotics with living cell actuation

Sun, Lingyu; Yu, Yunru; Chen, Zhuoyue; Bian, Feika; Ye, Fangfu; Sun, Lingyun; Zhao, Yuanjin

doi:10.1039/d0cs00120a

Cited by 122 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 183 publications

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“…However, most of the MSCs encapsulations require the addition of oil phase in the microfluidic emulsification processes, which is not friendly to MSCs. In addition, owing to inadequate design and innovation in hydrogel composition, the MSCs-loaded microparticles are usually lack of porous structure, which causes ineffective to ensure cell viability and functional factors transportation [ 29 , 30 ]. Moreover, it is still challenging to adhere MSCs-based microparticles on target site to ensure effective therapeutic effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-inspired adhesive porous particles with human MSCs encapsulation for systemic lupus erythematosus treatment

Nie

Chen

Zhao

et al. 2021

Bioactive Materials

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy is a promising treatment for Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. However, this method is encumbered by suboptimal phenotype of MSCs used in clinical settings, and a short in vivo persistence time. Herein, inspired by the natural microstructure of the sand tower worm nest, we proposed novel adhesive porous particles with human MSCs encapsulation via microfluidic electrospray technology for SLE treatment. The porous microparticles were formed by immediate gelation reaction between sodium alginate (ALG) and poly- d -lysine (PDL), and then sacrificed polyethylene oxide (PEO) to form the pores. The resultant microparticles could protect MSCs from immune cells while maintain their immune modulating functions, and achieve rapid exchange of nutrients from the body. In addition, owing to the electrostatic adsorption and covalent bonding between PDL and tissues, the porous microparticles could adhere to the bowel surfaces tightly after intraperitoneal injection. Through in vivo imaging system (IVIS) methods and in vivo study, it was demonstrated that the MSCs-encapsulated porous adhesive microparticles could significantly increase the cellular half-life, turn activated inflammatory macrophages into an anti-inflammatory profile, and ameliorate disease progression in MRL/ lpr mice. Thus, the MSCs-encapsulated porous microparticles showed distinctive functions in chronic SLE treatment, with additional potential to be used in a variety of biomedical applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-inspired adhesive porous particles with human MSCs encapsulation for systemic lupus erythematosus treatment

Nie

Chen

Zhao

et al. 2021

Bioactive Materials

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“…Up to now, several micro‐ and nanoscale robots of different designs, types of functionalization, modes of actuations, and imaging strategies for localization and feedback have been reported for biomedical applications. [ 9–14 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Micro‐/Nanorobotics: Materials Development, Actuation, Localization, and System Integration for Biomedical Applications

et al. 2020

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Micro‐/nanorobots (m‐bots) have attracted significant interest due to their suitability for applications in biomedical engineering and environmental remediation. Particularly, their applications in in vivo diagnosis and intervention have been the focus of extensive research in recent years with various clinical imaging techniques being applied for localization and tracking. The successful integration of well‐designed m‐bots with surface functionalization, remote actuation systems, and imaging techniques becomes the crucial step toward biomedical applications, especially for the in vivo uses. This review thus addresses four different aspects of biomedical m‐bots: design/fabrication, functionalization, actuation, and localization. The biomedical applications of the m‐bots in diagnosis, sensing, microsurgery, targeted drug/cell delivery, thrombus ablation, and wound healing are reviewed from these viewpoints. The developed biomedical m‐bot systems are comprehensively compared and evaluated based on their characteristics. The current challenges and the directions of future research in this field are summarized.

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“…Such materials range from particles, to polymers (either electroactive or shape memory), papers, fluids, shape memory alloys (SMAs), liquid metals, hydrogels, 2D materials, or a combination of these. [ 6–25 ] Nevertheless, some materials can be more suitable for a specific set of applications than others; for instance, materials stimulated by the near‐infrared (NIR) spectrum are promising for biomedical applications, whereas sunlight‐stimulated materials are suitable for nature‐inspired soft robots used in outside environments. Various useful metrics are generally used to assess the performance of the actuators; these include the generated stress and strain, Young's modulus or measured stiffness, in addition to their power, work, energy, and force density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft Actuators for Soft Robotic Applications: A Review

El‐Atab

Mishra

Al‐Modaf

et al. 2020

Advanced Intelligent Systems

283

190

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The compliant, continuum, and configurable robotics field in general has gained growing interest in the past years especially with the exciting advances in artificial intelligence technology, [1] which could enable various valuable applications ranging from manufacturing to safety and healthcare. [2,3] Soft robots are of notable interest because, unlike their rigid counterpart, they can easily deform while being mechanically resilient, [4,5] adapt to the outer environment without harm to humans, [6] and finally, enable low-cost manufacturing. [7] For robots to interact with the outer environment and complete tasks, a set of sensors and actuators need to be integrated into the system. Soft robots, in specific, present additional challenges because their sensing and actuation devices are generally highly integrated within the body of the robot and its whole functionality. These challenges become even more critical when the soft robot is scaled down to sub-centimeter size as the sensing, power, and data analysis units are moved off-board. As a result, miniaturized soft actuators that respond to various stimuli and show large deformations in addition to mechanical resilience are crucial. These would be particularly promising for application in artificial muscles, microrobots, and micro-manipulators. [8-10] Active and soft materials are promising for this task as they can be actuated through various external stimuli, such as photons, thermal, magnetic and/or electric field. Such materials range from particles, to polymers (either electroactive or shape memory), papers, fluids, shape memory alloys (SMAs), liquid metals, hydrogels, 2D materials, or a combination of these. [6-25] Nevertheless, some materials can be more suitable for a specific set of applications than others; for instance, materials stimulated by the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum are promising for biomedical applications, whereas sunlight-stimulated materials are suitable for nature-inspired soft robots used in outside environments. Various useful metrics are generally used to assess the performance of the actuators; these include the generated stress and strain, Young's modulus or measured stiffness, in addition to their power, work, energy, and force density. In this Review article, however, we focus on the application of the soft actuators in soft robotics where the reported metrics include mode and speed of actuation (or locomotion), power, voltage, current (of the driving signal), lifting force, and weight among others. In this Review article, different active materials that have been developed and used in soft actuators for soft robotics are discussed and grouped by the stimulus that generates the actuation response as shown in Figure 1. The physics of operation, resulting deformations, mechanical resilience, and their pros and cons are presented with a focus on the applications of the different soft

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Biohybrid robotics with living cell actuation

Abstract: This review comprehensively discusses recent advances in the basic components, controlling methods and especially in the applications of biohybrid robots.

Cited by 122 publications

References 183 publications

Bio-inspired adhesive porous particles with human MSCs encapsulation for systemic lupus erythematosus treatment

Bio-inspired adhesive porous particles with human MSCs encapsulation for systemic lupus erythematosus treatment

Trends in Micro‐/Nanorobotics: Materials Development, Actuation, Localization, and System Integration for Biomedical Applications

Soft Actuators for Soft Robotic Applications: A Review

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