Biogenic synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using olea europaea leaf extract and evaluation of their toxicity activities: An in vivo and in vitro study

Abstract

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CUNPs) were synthesized using Olea europaea leaf extract as reducing and protecting agent. The formation of nanoparticles was observed through a color change from yellowish to brownish black. The CUNPs were confirmed with UV-Vis spectrophotometer, which revealed a peak absorbance at 289 nm. The synthesized CUNPs were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TEM. The XRD pattern revealed that CUNPs were crystalline in nature with a diameter around 20 nm. FTIR spectral analysis showed that CUNPs were capped with plant constituents. From SEM and TEM analyses, the CUNPs were generally found to be spherical in shape, and the size range was 20-50 nm. Free radical scavenging potential of CUNPs against DPPH was confirmed by its stable antioxidant effects. In addition, the toxicity of CUNPs in mice was also assessed by body weight and weights of liver, kidneys, spleen, and thymus. The immune response in mice was signaled through an obvious change in spleen and thymus index, with a decrease of ADA enzyme activity in serum, spleen, and thymus after CUNPs treatment. The CUNPs were found to exert cell growth arrest against AMJ-13 and SKOV-3 cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner and induce cell death by apoptosis. Less significant cytotoxic effect was observed in normal dermal fibroblast cells. These findings suggest that CUNPs may have the potential to be anticancer agents. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:218-230, 2018.

Preparation and characterization of ascorbic acid-mediated chitosan–copper oxide nanocomposite for anti-microbial, sporicidal and biofilm-inhibitory activity

“…A maximum was attained at 300 nm (Fig. 2b) and was in accordance with others' reports [16]. Figure 3a-c shows the morphology of synthesized Chi-CuO nanocomposites.…”

Characterization and Anticancer Potential of Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized from Olea chrysophylla and Lavandula dentata Leaf Extracts on HCT116 Colon Cancer Cells

“…The change of color from pale yellow (Figures 2(a) and 2(b)) for Olea and lavender leaf extracts to dark brown (Figures 3(a) and 3(b)) after the addition of silver nitrate and heating indicates the formation of silver nanoparticles Olea-AgNPs and Lav-AgNPs, respectively. Scientific evidence suggested the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using aqueous Olea europaea leaf extract due to the change of color from transparent to yellow, and they monitored pure Ag + ion 3 Journal of Nanomaterials reduction to Ag 0 by measuring UV-vis spectrum of the reaction media at regular intervals [27]. In our knowledge, there is only one research succeeded in the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using lavender leaf extract, they reported the change of colorless AgNO 3 and yellow lavender extract to dark red.…”

Application of copper nanoparticles containing natural compounds in the treatment of bacterial and fungal diseases

“…In this study, copper oxide nanoparticle formation is confirmed by the presence of peaks at 569 cm −1 for the bending vibration of Cu(II)‐O and at 621 cm − 1 for the bending vibration of Cu(I)‐O . The concurrent biosynthesis of CuO NPs and Cu 2 O NPs using plant extracts has already been reported . The presence of secondary metabolites, which are responsible for the capping and reduction of copper nitrate precursor to CuO NPs, has been studied using FT‐IR.…”

“…In our review of the literature, we found different sizes reported for biosynthesized Cu NPs using plant extracts, for example 20–50 nm for synthetic Cu NPs using Olea europaea leaf extract, 15–20 nm for extract of Punica granatum , 10–100 nm for Punica granatum peel extract, 20–60 nm for coffee powder extract, 20–40 nm for Solanum lycopersicum leaf extract, 5–20 nm for Z. spina‐christi extract 21.50–34.23 nm for aqueous extract of oak fruit hull, and 20 nm for Syzygium aromaticum …”

“…A few studies have previously reported various crystalline sizes according to XRD analysis for Cu NPs biosynthesized using plants extracts. Instead of, 16.78 nm for Abutilon indicum extract, 22.5 nm for Coccinia grandis fruit extract, 20 nm for Solanum lycopersicum leaf extract, 8–15 nm for fruit extracts of Ziziphus spina‐christ , 40 nm for aqueous extract of oak fruit hull, and 12 nm have been reported for Syzygium aromaticum bud extract …”