Application of copper nanoparticles containing natural compounds in the treatment of bacterial and fungal diseases

Abstract

The development of nanotechnology has generated different nanoscale‐sized materials, with metal‐based nanomaterials being some of the most interesting and promising. Thousands of articles in various specialized journals all over the world are dedicated to different metallic nanomaterials. Metallic nanomaterials are being widely researched, with gold‐, silver‐, iron‐, and copper‐based materials showing potential in medicine. Studies have demonstrated the effect of copper nanoparticles in medicinal herbs on the prevention, control, and treatment of microbial diseases. Experiments have examined the chemical characterization and assessment of the antioxidant, cytotoxicity, antibacterial, and antifungal activities of copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) using the aqueous extract of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl flower. These nanoparticles were characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and X‐ray diffraction analysis. TEM and FE‐SEM images exhibited a uniform spherical morphology and diameters of 10–25 nm for the biosynthesized nanoparticles. FT‐IR results suggested polysaccharides and protein in S. lavandulifolia acted as reducing agents, reducing copper ions to Cu NPs. In vitro biological experiments indicated that Cu NPs have excellent antioxidant potential against 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl, antifungal effects against Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, Candida guilliermondii, Candida glabrata, and Candida albicans, and antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pneumonia, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These nanoparticles did not have cytotoxicity properties against human umbilical vein endothelial cells. These results indicate that the inclusion of S. lavandulifolia extract ameliorates the solubility of Cu NPs, which leads to a remarkable enhancement in fungicidal and bactericidal effects under in vitro conditions.

Deposition of Copper on Poly(Lactide) Non-Woven Fabrics by Magnetron Sputtering—Fabrication of New Multi-Functional, Antimicrobial Composite Materials

“…Any antibacterial effect was observed for the unmodified sample (PLA). It is worth noting that 0.03 molar solutions of CuSO 4 (2 mg/mL) are not bactericidal (Growth Inhibition Zone = 0) for several gram positive bacteria (e.g., S. aureus ), gram negative bacteria (e.g., E. coli ) bacteria as well as fungi species (e.g., Candida family) [ 72 ].…”

Immunotoxicity of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles: from toxic mechanisms to metabolism and outcomes

“…In contrast, Cu NPs show significant antibacterial and bactericidal activity when cell membranes, nucleic acids, and proteins are damaged. 32 ZnO is relatively inexpensive, has good biocompatibility and low toxicity, and has shown good application prospects in many aspects of biomedical engineering. Several studies have confirmed that zinc oxide and its NPs are antibacterial.…”

A green polyol approach for the synthesis of Cu2O NPs adhered on graphene oxide: a robust and efficient catalyst for 1,2,4-triazole and imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine synthesis

“…7). 83 The reaction of 2-aminopyridine with benzonitrile was carried out under optimal conditions (20 mg catalyst, 110 1C, solvent-free, and 8 h). The reaction was ceased midway (4 h) and the catalyst was segregated from the reaction mixture by filtration.…”