Biofilm Formation and Detection of icaD Gene in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Specimens

Abstract

Background: S. aureus is found to be a major source of community as well as hospital acquired infections. The increase in antimicrobial resistance and emergence of multidrug resistance has become a big threat worldwide. The biofilm formation of S. aureus influenced the survival and persistence in both environment and host. Aim: The study was conducted with the aim to evaluate in-vitro biofilm formation and the presence of icaD gene in S. aureus from clinical isolates of S. aureus. Methods: A total of 570 wound/pus samples were processed by standard microbiological techniques. Colony morphology, Gram’s staining and biochemical tests were used for the identification of S. aureus. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique and methicillin-resistant S. aureus was detected by using cefoxitin antibiotics. The production of biofilm was screened by Congo Red Agar and finally, the presence of icaD gene was determined by PCR. Results: Out of 570 samples, a total 19.3% (110/570) samples showed the growth of S. aureus. Among which 59.1% (65/110) were multi-drug resistant. Similarly, 26.4% (29/110) isolates were methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Among MRSA isolates 93.1% (27/29) were MDR with more than 3 classes of antibiotics. Biofilm production was shown by 95.45% (105/110) and 77.3% (85/110) isolates on Congo Red Agar and presence of icaD gene respectively. Conclusion: In this study, the significant association was observed in phenotypic production of biofilm and the presence of icaD gene for the genotypic expression of biofilm. There were also increasing rates of MRSA and multidrug resistance S. aureus.

Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Samples at Narayani Samudayik Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal

“…Present study shows alarmingly high rate of MDR strain among MRSA isolates (90.19%). The result is consistent with the previous reports in which MDR-MRSA isolates were confi rmed as 100% (Kayastha 2010), 92% (Thapa 2011) and 75.86% (Pandey et al 2012) and 93.1% (Karki et al 2019) from clinical samples. According to Gopalakrishnan (2010) the incidence of MRSA varied from 25 % to 50% in India.…”

“…This study was carried out to know the recent status of Methicillin Resistant S. aureus in Chitwan district, Nepal as many studies done in Nepal suggest the gradual emergence of MRSA in hospital (Mishra 2013). According to Karki et al (2019) and Shrestha et al (2018), prevalence of MRSA was reported as 26.4% and 16.7% respectively in different Nepalese hospital settings. The information obtained from this study helps to guide the clinicians in choosing appropriate antibiotics and prevent the emergence of resistance to the drug which are still sensitive.…”

Detection of Methicillin resistance of Staphylococcus aureus among Minia University Hospital Patients

“…In this study prevalence of males was 62.93% (14/22) and females represented 37.07%(8/22) unlike results observed by Karki et al, that were 42.7%(47/110) males and 57.3% (63/110) were from female [ 14] . The highest resistance was to oxacillin, 82%(18/22).…”