Bioelectroanalysis of pharmaceutical compounds

Abstract

Recent developments in the bioelectroanalysis of pharmaceutical compounds are reviewed, concentrating particularly on the development of electrode materials and measurement strategies and on their application. The advantages of electroanalytical techniques as alternatives to other analytical procedures such as rapid response, sensitivity and low detection limits are highlighted and illustrated. Particular emphasis is given to carbon-based materials for voltammetric electroanalysis; new potentiometric sensors and electrochemical biosensors are also reviewed.

Electroanalysis of Cefadroxil Antibiotic at Carbon Nanotube/Gold Nanoparticle Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes

“…Their attractive properties are related to their nanometric scale, large specific area, high chemical and thermal stability, high elasticity and electrical conductivity, often comparable to metallic nanomaterials . Thus, they are an advantageous option to investigate the electrochemistry of pharmaceutical and health‐related compounds, especially when combined with a second component such as polymers, phthalocyanines, or biological recognition elements …”

Electrochemical and Hyphenated Electrochemical Detectors in Liquid Chromatography and Flow Injection Systems for Drug Compound Analysis

“…In the negative potential range, provided dissolved oxygen has been removed in the mobile phase, potentials as low as -1.0 V can be achieved at carbon-based electrodes. The latter are usually preferred in electroanalysis of drug compounds [39], but for some applications such as for the detection of molecule containing glycans in their structure, gold or platinum electrodes are better suited provided an electrochemical surface cleaning (pulsed waveform) is repeatedly and automatically applied. Both the USP and European Pharmacopeia apply LC with (PAD) at a gold working electrode for the test of composition and related substances for antimicrobial compounds such as gentamicin, framycetin, amikacin, kanamycin, and tobramycin.…”

A novel architecture based upon multi-walled carbon nanotubes and ionic liquid to improve the electroanalytical detection of ciprofibrate

“…In this regard, electroanalytical techniques stand out as promising options since they offer good accuracy, precision of measurements, operational simplicity, and low costs. 22,34 Moreover, these techniques allow for the establishment of simple and fast analytical procedures, reducing or eliminating the pre-stages of sample preparation, which are necessary in other proposed CPF detection procedures such as capillary electrophoresis 32 and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 35,36 Only one voltammetric procedure is reported for CPF sensing, using a GCE modied with carbon nanotubes within a poly(allylamine hydrochloride) lm.…”