Biodegradable Polymers and Their Practical Utility

Mitrus, Marcin; Wójtowicz, Agnieszka; Mościcki, L.

doi:10.1002/9783527628216.ch1

Cited by 37 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…According to Avérous and Pollet [4], biodegradable polymer is a material that decomposes into other resources such as carbon dioxide, methane, water, inorganic compounds and biomass. There are various types of biodegradable polymer which derived from renewable sources such as natural polymer (agro-polymer), microbial polymer (synthesis from microbial fermentation) and synthetic polymer (renewable bio-derived monomers) [4,5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticizing Poly(lactic Acid) Using Epoxidized Palm Oil for Environmental Friendly Packaging Material

Ali

Anuar²,

Fakhruldin

2016

MJAS

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Petrochemical based polymers used in packaging materials are causing various environmental problems. Therefore, biopolymers prepared from renewable sources have high potential to substitute the commercially available non-degradable polymer. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the biodegradable polymers that can be used to substitute in the application of petrochemicalbased polymers. Environmental friendly and biodegradable epoxidized palm oil (EPO) was used as plasticizer in this study and it was incorporated into PLA matrix through solution blending method. The mechanical properties were determined through three-point flexural test and tensile test. Tensile results revealed that the flexibility of PLA can be improved by the addition of epoxidized palm oil (EPO) as plasticizer in the polymer. PLA/EPO blend at ratio 100:10 showed significant flexibility among the other PLA/EPO blends. The thermal properties of neat PLA and PLA/EPO blends were characterized by using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The glass transition temperature (Tg) decreased by addition of plasticizer, indicated the chain mobility of PLA increased in the PLA/EPO blends system. The improved flexibility of PLA by using EPO as plasticizer showed that it has high potential to be used as environmental-friendly packaging material.Keywords: biodegradable polymer, green polymer, poly(lactic acid), environmental friendly packaging material Abstrak Barangan dari sumber yang boleh diperbaharui boleh mewujudkan satu platform untuk menggantikan polimer berasaskan petroleum yang diketahui tidak mampu terbiodegradasi. Poli(laktik asid) (PLA) adalah antara polimer yang boleh biodegradasi secara semula jadi dan dipercayai boleh menjadi pengganti bagi penggunaan polimer petrokimia. Pemplastik yang terbiodegradasi boleh digunakan untuk meningkatkan fleksibiliti PLA. PLA/EPO telah dicampurkan dengan nisbah tertentu dan sifat mekanikal dan haba bahan ini telah dikaji. Sifat mekanik polimer/pemplastik ditentukan melalui ujian lenturan mekanik dan ujian tegangan. Hasil kajian tegangan bahan menunjukkan bahawa fleksibiliti PLA boleh dipertingkatkan dengan penambahan minyak kelapa sawat terepoksi (EPO) sebagai pemplastik dalam polimer. Ia telah membuktikan bahawa kandungan 100:10 PLA/EPO adalah nisbah yang paling sesuai untuk campuran PLA/EPO. Ciri -ciri haba diperolehi dengan menggunakan Kalorimeter Pengimbasan Perbezaan (DSC). Pemplastik didapati mengurangkan suhu peralihan kaca PLA. EPO didapati meningkatkan tekanan tegangan dan pemanjangan di dalam PLA/EPO. Peningkatan fleksibiliti PLA menerusi penggunaan EPO membuktikan bahawa PLA/EPO boleh digunakan untuk pengunaan bungkusan mesra alam.Kata kunci: polimer terbiodegradasikan, polimer hijau, poli(laktik asid), bungkusan mesra alam

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticizing Poly(lactic Acid) Using Epoxidized Palm Oil for Environmental Friendly Packaging Material

Ali

Anuar²,

Fakhruldin

2016

MJAS

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“…means of mild, enzymatic reactions, is of great interest and has practical potential for applications in biomedical and industrial fields, including packaging (Mitrus, Vojtowicz, & Moscicki, 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

An aerogel obtained from chemo-enzymatically oxidized fenugreek galactomannans as a versatile delivery system

Rossi

Campia

Merlini

et al. 2016

Carbohydrate Polymers

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a b s t r a c tWe describe a new aerogel obtained from laccase-oxidized galactomannans of the leguminous plant fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) and suggest its potential practical use.Laccase/TEMPO oxidation of fenugreek in aqueous solution caused a viscosity increase of over 15-fold. A structured, elastic, stable hydrogel was generated, due to formation of carbonyl groups from primary OH of galactose side units and subsequent establishment of hemiacetalic bonds with available free hydroxyl groups.Upon lyophilization of this hydrogel, a water-insoluble aerogel was obtained (EOLFG), capable of uptaking aqueous or organic solvents over 20 times its own weight. The material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, FT-IR, elemental analysis and 13 C CP-MAS NMR spectroscopy and its mechanical properties were investigated.To test the EOLFG as a delivery system, the anti-microbial enzyme lysozyme was used as model active principle. Lysozyme was added before or after formation of the aerogel, entrapped or absorbed in the gel, retained and released in active form, as proven by its hydrolytic glycosidase activity on lyophilized Micrococcus lysodeikticus cells wall peptidoglycans.This new biomaterial, composed of a chemo-enzymatically modified plant polysaccharide, might represent a versatile, biocompatible "delivery system" of active principles in food and non-food products.

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“…There are two major types of foams which are open-cell and closed-cell. Open-cell foam allows gases and liquids travel freely through the foam cells, while a closedcell foam only allows gases and liquids to diffuse through very small boundaries between the foam cells [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Physical Properties and Shock Absorption Abilities of Starch Polymer Foam as Cushioning Material for Packaging

2018

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Lack of information about the formulation and fabrication process of starch polymer foam and lack of study in the shock absorption ability of starch polymer foam were the reasons this research was executed. In this project starch polymer foam was produced to be used as cushioning material for packaging. Starch polymer foam were developed from starch, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), urea, citric acid, and deionised water. Water amount with drying and curing process were the variables manipulated to produce the best starch polymer foam. It was determined then, that the optimized ratio of starch:PVA:citric acid was 1:1:4. The amount of water used was 10 ml/gram of starch/PVA weight. The suitable foaming mixing was done at a speed of 1500 rpm for 40 minutes. Drying process was done at 70°C for 24 hours, followed by curing process at 100°C for 1 hour to produce closed-cell foam. While for the open-cell foam, the foam was dried and cured at 100ºC for 6 hours. The open-cell and closed-cell foams produced were cut to 6 cm height x 6 cm width x 0.5 cm thick. The average density was calculated and then the foams were subjected to weight drop destructive test. The test was done by placing a foam on top of a piece of mirror, and a weight is dropped onto the foam, with increasing height until the mirror break. Three weights were used with mass of 50 g, 100 g and 200 g. The starch foams were compared to polyurethane and polystyrene foams in terms of the minimum height that can cause the mirror to break. The results showed that starch closed-cell foam absorbed the highest impact energy followed by polystyrene foam, starch open-cell foam and polyurethane foam.

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Biodegradable Polymers and Their Practical Utility

Cited by 37 publications

References 59 publications

Plasticizing Poly(lactic Acid) Using Epoxidized Palm Oil for Environmental Friendly Packaging Material

Plasticizing Poly(lactic Acid) Using Epoxidized Palm Oil for Environmental Friendly Packaging Material

An aerogel obtained from chemo-enzymatically oxidized fenugreek galactomannans as a versatile delivery system

Study of Physical Properties and Shock Absorption Abilities of Starch Polymer Foam as Cushioning Material for Packaging

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